Concept explainers
a)
Interpretation:
How to synthesize 1-pentyne from acetylene using any alkyl halide with four or fewer number of carbons is to be shown.
Concept introduction:
Terminal
To state:
How to synthesize 1-pentyne from acetylene using any alkyl halide with four or fewer number of carbons.
b)
Interpretation:
How to synthesize 3-hexyne from acetylene using any alkyl halide with four or fewer number of carbons is to be shown.
Concept introduction:
Terminal alkynes can be converted into their alkynides by treating with NaNH3 in liquid NH3. The alkynides when treated with alkyl halides with the required number of carbons yield the higher alkyne needed. Acetylene has two acidic hydrogens. Both hydrogens can be replaced by alkyl groups through this process.
To state:
How to synthesize 3-hexyne from acetylene using any alkyl halide with four or fewer number of carbons.
c)
Interpretation:
How to synthesize 4-methyl-1-pentene from acetylene using any alkyl halide with four or fewer number of carbons is to be shown.
Concept introduction:
Terminal alkynes can be converted into their alkynides by treating with NaNH3 in liquid NH3. The alkynides when treated with alkyl halides with the required number of carbons yield the higher alkyne needed. The alkyne can be reduced to the corresponding
To state:
How to synthesize 4-methyl-1-pentene from acetylene using any alkyl halide with four or fewer number of carbons.
d)
Interpretation:
How to synthesize 4-octanone from acetylene using any alkyl halide with four or fewer number of carbons is to be shown.
Concept introduction:
Terminal alkynes can be converted into their alkynides by treating with NaNH3 in liquid NH3. The alkynides when treated with alkyl halides with the required number of carbons yield the higher alkyne needed. The alkyne undergoes hydration when treated with dilute H3SO4 in the presence of HgSO4 to yield an enol which tautomerizes to a
To state:
How to synthesize 4-octanone from acetylene using any alkyl halide with four or fewer number of carbons.
e)
Interpretation:
How to synthesize hexanal from acetylene using any alkyl halide with four or fewer number of carbons is to be shown.
Concept introduction:
Terminal alkynes can be converted into their alkynides by treating with NaNH3 in liquid NH3. The alkynides when treated with alkyl halides with the required number of carbons yield the higher alkynes needed. The alkynes yield enols with OH on terminal carbon in hydroboration-oxidation reaction which tautomerize to yield
To state:
How to synthesize hexanal from acetylene using any alkyl halide with four or fewer number of carbons.
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Chapter 9 Solutions
OWLv2 with Student Solutions Manual eBook, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card for McMurry's Organic Chemistry, 9th
- What is the stepwise mechanism for this reaction?arrow_forward32. Consider a two-state system in which the low energy level is 300 J mol 1 and the higher energy level is 800 J mol 1, and the temperature is 300 K. Find the population of each level. Hint: Pay attention to your units. A. What is the partition function for this system? B. What are the populations of each level? Now instead, consider a system with energy levels of 0 J mol C. Now what is the partition function? D. And what are the populations of the two levels? E. Finally, repeat the second calculation at 500 K. and 500 J mol 1 at 300 K. F. What do you notice about the populations as you increase the temperature? At what temperature would you expect the states to have equal populations?arrow_forward30. We will derive the forms of the molecular partition functions for atoms and molecules shortly in class, but the partition function that describes the translational and rotational motion of a homonuclear diatomic molecule is given by Itrans (V,T) = = 2πmkBT h² V grot (T) 4π²IKBT h² Where h is Planck's constant and I is molecular moment of inertia. The overall partition function is qmolec Qtrans qrot. Find the energy, enthalpy, entropy, and Helmholtz free energy for the translational and rotational modes of 1 mole of oxygen molecules and 1 mole of iodine molecules at 50 K and at 300 K and with a volume of 1 m³. Here is some useful data: Moment of inertia: I2 I 7.46 x 10- 45 kg m² 2 O2 I 1.91 x 101 -46 kg m²arrow_forward
- K for each reaction step. Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. HI HaC Drawing Arrows! H3C OCH3 H 4 59°F Mostly sunny H CH3 HO O CH3 'C' CH3 Select to Add Arrows CH3 1 L H&C. OCH3 H H H H Select to Add Arrows Q Search Problem 30 of 20 H. H3C + :0: H CH3 CH3 20 H2C Undo Reset Done DELLarrow_forwardDraw the principal organic product of the following reaction.arrow_forwardCurved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided structures, draw the curved arrows that epict the mechanistic steps for the proton transfer between a hydronium ion and a pi bond. Draw any missing organic structures in the empty boxes. Be sure to account for all lone-pairs and charges as well as bond-breaking and bond-making steps. 2 56°F Mostly cloudy F1 Drawing Arrows > Q Search F2 F3 F4 ▷11 H. H : CI: H + Undo Reset Done DELLarrow_forward
- Calculate the chemical shifts in 13C and 1H NMR for 4-chloropropiophenone ? Write structure and label hydrogens and carbons. Draw out the benzene ring structure when doing itarrow_forward1) Calculate the longest and shortest wavelengths in the Lyman and Paschen series. 2) Calculate the ionization energy of He* and L2+ ions in their ground states. 3) Calculate the kinetic energy of the electron emitted upon irradiation of a H-atom in ground state by a 50-nm radiation.arrow_forwardCalculate the ionization energy of He+ and Li²+ ions in their ground states. Thannnxxxxx sirrr Ahehehehehejh27278283-4;*; shebehebbw $+$;$-;$-28283773838 hahhehdvaarrow_forward
- Plleeaasseee solllveeee question 3 andd thankss sirr, don't solve it by AI plleeaasseee don't use AIarrow_forwardCalculate the chemical shifts in 13C and 1H NMR for 4-chloropropiophenone ? Write structure and label hydrogens and carbonsarrow_forwardPlease sirrr soollveee these parts pleaseeee and thank youuuuuarrow_forward
Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning