(a) To determine: The standard heat of formation of tetrachloroethane and standard heat of second reaction should be determined. The given equation is C 2 H 4 ( g ) + 2 C l ( g ) → C 2 H 2 C l 4 ( l ) + H 2 ( g ) : C 2 H 2 C l 4 ( l ) → C 2 H C l 3 ( l ) + H C l ( g ) ; Δ H ∘ r = − 385.76 k J in words. Concept introduction: At room temperature and 1 atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation. The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs. During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions. The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Question

heat and mass transfer

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To determine:

The standard heat of formation of tetrachloroethane and standard heat of second reaction should be determined. The given equation is

C2H4(g)+2Cl(g)→C2H2Cl4(l)+H2(g):C2H2Cl4(l)→C2HCl3(l)+HCl(g); ΔH∘r=−385.76kJ in words.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and 1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To determine:

The standard heat of reaction for given reaction should be determined by use of Hess’s law. The given reaction is as follow:

C2H4(g)+2Cl2(g)→C2HCl3(l)+H2(g)+HCl(g).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To solve:

The heat is evolved or absorbed should be found for the given process.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and

1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

To find:

The effect of temperature change from 400C to 250C should be determined for solution of part (c).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

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heat and mass transfer

A biodiesel mixture consisting of 60 mol% methyl oleate (MO), 25 mol% methyl linoleate (ML), and 15 mol% methyl palmitate (MP) is held at 373.15 K and 200 MPa. Given PC-SAFT parameters: segment number \( m_i = [5.7, 6.3, 4.8] \), segment diameter \( \sigma_i = [3.95, 3.98, 3.91] \) Å, dispersion energy \( \epsilon_i/k = [260, 270, 250] \) K, and binary interaction parameters \( k_{ij} = 0.01 \), determine the isentropic speed of sound (m/s) using the PC-SAFT Helmholtz energy formulation and the thermodynamic identity\[c^2 = \left( \frac{\partial P}{\partial \rho} \right)_T + \frac{T \left( \frac{\partial P}{\partial T} \right)_\rho^2 }{ \rho^2 c_v },\]assuming the density is precomputed at 200 MPa and \( c_v \) is obtained from ideal mixing of pure-component values.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To determine:

The standard heat of formation of tetrachloroethane and standard heat of second reaction should be determined. The given equation is

C2H4(g)+2Cl(g)→C2H2Cl4(l)+H2(g):C2H2Cl4(l)→C2HCl3(l)+HCl(g); ΔH∘r=−385.76kJ in words.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and 1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To determine:

The standard heat of reaction for given reaction should be determined by use of Hess’s law. The given reaction is as follow:

C2H4(g)+2Cl2(g)→C2HCl3(l)+H2(g)+HCl(g).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To solve:

The heat is evolved or absorbed should be found for the given process.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and

1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

To find:

The effect of temperature change from 400C to 250C should be determined for solution of part (c).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To determine:

The standard heat of formation of tetrachloroethane and standard heat of second reaction should be determined. The given equation is

C2H4(g)+2Cl(g)→C2H2Cl4(l)+H2(g):C2H2Cl4(l)→C2HCl3(l)+HCl(g); ΔH∘r=−385.76kJ in words.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and 1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To determine:

The standard heat of reaction for given reaction should be determined by use of Hess’s law. The given reaction is as follow:

C2H4(g)+2Cl2(g)→C2HCl3(l)+H2(g)+HCl(g).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To solve:

The heat is evolved or absorbed should be found for the given process.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and

1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

To find:

The effect of temperature change from 400C to 250C should be determined for solution of part (c).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To determine:

The standard heat of formation of tetrachloroethane and standard heat of second reaction should be determined. The given equation is

C2H4(g)+2Cl(g)→C2H2Cl4(l)+H2(g):C2H2Cl4(l)→C2HCl3(l)+HCl(g); ΔH∘r=−385.76kJ in words.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and 1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To determine:

The standard heat of reaction for given reaction should be determined by use of Hess’s law. The given reaction is as follow:

C2H4(g)+2Cl2(g)→C2HCl3(l)+H2(g)+HCl(g).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To solve:

The heat is evolved or absorbed should be found for the given process.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and

1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

To find:

The effect of temperature change from 400C to 250C should be determined for solution of part (c).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

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Answer 5

Chapter 9, Problem 9.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To determine:

The standard heat of formation of tetrachloroethane and standard heat of second reaction should be determined. The given equation is

C2H4(g)+2Cl(g)→C2H2Cl4(l)+H2(g):C2H2Cl4(l)→C2HCl3(l)+HCl(g); ΔH∘r=−385.76kJ in words.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and 1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To determine:

The standard heat of reaction for given reaction should be determined by use of Hess’s law. The given reaction is as follow:

C2H4(g)+2Cl2(g)→C2HCl3(l)+H2(g)+HCl(g).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To solve:

The heat is evolved or absorbed should be found for the given process.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and

1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

To find:

The effect of temperature change from 400C to 250C should be determined for solution of part (c).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 6

Chapter 9, Problem 9.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To determine:

The standard heat of formation of tetrachloroethane and standard heat of second reaction should be determined. The given equation is

C2H4(g)+2Cl(g)→C2H2Cl4(l)+H2(g):C2H2Cl4(l)→C2HCl3(l)+HCl(g); ΔH∘r=−385.76kJ in words.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and 1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 7

Chapter 9, Problem 9.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To determine:

The standard heat of formation of tetrachloroethane and standard heat of second reaction should be determined. The given equation is

C2H4(g)+2Cl(g)→C2H2Cl4(l)+H2(g):C2H2Cl4(l)→C2HCl3(l)+HCl(g); ΔH∘r=−385.76kJ in words.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and 1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To determine:

The standard heat of reaction for given reaction should be determined by use of Hess’s law. The given reaction is as follow:

C2H4(g)+2Cl2(g)→C2HCl3(l)+H2(g)+HCl(g).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To determine:

The standard heat of reaction for given reaction should be determined by use of Hess’s law. The given reaction is as follow:

C2H4(g)+2Cl2(g)→C2HCl3(l)+H2(g)+HCl(g).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To solve:

The heat is evolved or absorbed should be found for the given process.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and

1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To solve:

The heat is evolved or absorbed should be found for the given process.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and

1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

To find:

The effect of temperature change from 400C to 250C should be determined for solution of part (c).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

To find:

The effect of temperature change from 400C to 250C should be determined for solution of part (c).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 14

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Answer 25

Ch. 9 - The standard heat of the reaction...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.2P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.3P Ch. 9 - The standard heat of the reaction...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.5P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.6P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.7P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.8P Ch. 9 - The standard heat of combustion of gaseous ethane...Ch. 9 - The standard heat of combustion (AH°) of liquid...

Solution Summary: The author explains how the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called heat of formation.

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Chapter 9 Solutions