Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The type of bonding present in the compound
Concept introduction:
An ionic bond is formed by the interaction of a metal with a non-metal. When a metal element interacts with a non-metal, the metal loses electron/electrons. The electrons lost are gained by the non-metal. The metal turns into a cation whereas the non-metal turns into an anion. The electrostatic force of attraction between the cation and the anion leads to the formation of an ionic bond between the two. The constituents in an ionic compound are ions.
A covalent bond is formed by the interaction of two non-metals. Covalent compounds are formed by the sharing of electrons between two or more atoms. A covalent bond is the strong forces of attraction between the shared pairs of electrons and the nuclei of the combining atoms.
Metallic bonds are formed between metals. A metallic bond is formed between positively charged ions in a sea of delocalized electrons.
(b)
Interpretation:
The type of bonding present in the compound
Concept introduction:
An ionic bond is formed by the interaction of a metal with a non-metal. When a metal element interacts with a non-metal, the metal loses electron/electrons. The electrons lost are gained by the non-metal. The metal turns into a cation whereas the non-metal turns into an anion. The electrostatic force of attraction between the cation and the anion leads to the formation of an ionic bond between the two. The constituents in an ionic compound are ions.
A covalent bond is formed by the interaction of two non-metals. Covalent compounds are formed by the sharing of electrons between two or more atoms. A covalent bond is the strong forces of attraction between the shared pairs of electrons and the nuclei of the combining atoms.
Metallic bonds are formed between metals. A metallic bond is formed between positively charged ions in a sea of delocalized electrons.
(c)
Interpretation:
The type of bonding present in
Concept introduction:
The metallic character is characterized by the tendency of metals to lose their outermost valence shell electrons. Greater the ease of electron removal, higher will be the electropositivity of the corresponding elements and vice versa.
The metallic character is characterized by the tendency of metals to lose their outermost valence shell electrons.
Down the group, the number of shells increases with the increase in the
Along the period, the electrons are added in the same outer shell and the effective nuclear charge increases due to which the electrons are attracted to the nucleus by strong electrostatic forces of attraction. Therefore the removal of the electron becomes difficult which results in the decrease of metallic character in a period.
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Chapter 9 Solutions
CHEM 212:CHEMISTSRY V 2
- 5. a. Data were collected for Trial 1 to determine the molar mass of a nonvolatile solid solute when dissolved in cyclo- hexane. Complete the table for the analysis (See Report Sheet). Record calculated values with the correct number of significant figures. B. Freezing Point of Cyclohexane plus Calculation Zone Unknown Solute 2. Mass of cyclohexane (g) 10.14 Part C.4 3. Mass of added solute (g) 0.255 C. Calculations 1. k; for cyclohexane (°C⚫ kg/mol) 20.0 2. Freezing point change, AT, (°C) 3.04 Part C.6 3. Mass of cyclohexane in solution (kg) 4. Moles of solute, total (mol) Show calculation. 5. Mass of solute in solution, total (g) 6. Molar mass of solute (g/mol) Show calculation.arrow_forwardDraw and name the R groups of all 20 amino acids.arrow_forward3. Two solutions are prepared using the same solute: Solution A: 0.14 g of the solute dissolves in 15.4 g of t-butanol Solution B: 0.17 g of the solute dissolves in 12.7 g of cyclohexane Which solution has the greatest freezing point change? Show calculations and explain.arrow_forward
- 2. Give the ground state electron configuration (e.g., 02s² σ*2s² П 2p²) for these molecules and deduce its bond order. Ground State Configuration Bond Order H2+ 02- N2arrow_forward1. This experiment is more about understanding the colligative properties of a solution rather than the determination of the molar mass of a solid. a. Define colligative properties. b. Which of the following solutes has the greatest effect on the colligative properties for a given mass of pure water? Explain. (i) 0.01 mol of CaCl2 (ii) 0.01 mol of KNO3 (iii) 0.01 mol of CO(NH2)2 (an electrolyte) (an electrolyte) (a nonelectrolyte)arrow_forward5. b. For Trials 2 and 3, the molar mass of the solute was 151 g/mol and 143 g/mol respectively. a. What is the average molar mass of the solute ? b. What are the standard deviation and the relative standard deviation (%RSD) for the molar mass of the solute ?arrow_forward
- Show work. Don't give Ai generated solutionarrow_forward2. Explain why ice cubes formed from water of a glacier freeze at a higher temperature than ice cubes formed from water of an under- ground aquifer. Photodynamic/iStockphotoarrow_forwardShow reaction mechanism. don't give Ai generated solutionarrow_forward
- 7. Draw the Lewis structures and molecular orbital diagrams for CO and NO. What are their bond orders? Are the molecular orbital diagrams similar to their Lewis structures? Explain. CO Lewis Structure NO Lewis Structure CO Bond Order NO Bond Order NO Molecular Orbital Diagram CO Molecular Orbital Diagramarrow_forward5. The existence of compounds of the noble gases was once a great surprise and stimulated a great deal of theoretical work. Label the molecular orbital diagram for XeF (include atom chemical symbol, atomic orbitals, and molecular orbitals) and deduce its ground state electron configuration. Is XeF likely to have a shorter bond length than XeF+? Bond Order XeF XeF+arrow_forward6. Draw the molecular orbital diagram shown to determine which of the following is paramagnetic. B22+ B22+, B2, C22, B22 and N22+ Molecular Orbital Diagram B2 C22- B22- N22+ Which molecule is paramagnetic?arrow_forward
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