Chapter 9, Problem 56P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Rate of the reaction of methyl iodide with quinuclidine and methyl iodide with trimethylamine is measured in nitrobenzene, based on it answer the following questions.

Concept Introduction:

$\text{Rate}\text{α }\left[\text{alkyl halide}\right]\left[\text{nucleophile}\right]$

Thus,

$\text{rate}\text{=}\text{k[alkyl}\text{halide][nucleophile]}$ , where k is the rate constant.

Increasing the height of the energy barrier decreases the magnitude of the rate constant, thus causes the reaction to be slower.

The rate of the ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ reaction depends not only on the number of alkyl group but also on the size.

Steric hindrance decreases the rate of the reaction by increasing the energy of the transition state.

Higher the height of the energy barrier lowers the rate constant.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Rate of the reaction of methyl iodide with quinuclidine and methyl iodide with trimethylamine is measured in nitrobenzene, based on it answer the following questions.

Concept Introduction:

$\text{Rate}\text{α }\left[\text{alkyl halide}\right]\left[\text{nucleophile}\right]$

Thus,

$\text{rate}\text{=}\text{k[alkyl}\text{halide][nucleophile]}$ , where k is the rate constant.

Increasing the height of the energy barrier decreases the magnitude of the rate constant, thus causes the reaction to be slower.

The rate of the ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ reaction depends not only on the number of alkyl group but also on the size.

Steric hindrance decreases the rate of the reaction by increasing the energy of the transition state.

Higher the height of the energy barrier lowers the rate constant.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Rate of the reaction of methyl iodide with quinuclidine and methyl iodide with trimethylamine is measured in nitrobenzene, based on it answer the following questions.

Concept Introduction:

$\text{Rate}\text{α }\left[\text{alkyl halide}\right]\left[\text{nucleophile}\right]$

Thus,

$\text{rate}\text{=}\text{k[alkyl}\text{halide][nucleophile]}$ , where k is the rate constant.

Increasing the height of the energy barrier decreases the magnitude of the rate constant, thus causes the reaction to be slower.

The rate of the S_N2 reaction depends not only on the number of alkyl group but also on the size.

Steric hindrance decreases the rate of the reaction by increasing the energy of the transition state.

Higher the height of the energy barrier lowers the rate constant.