BIOLOGY 2E
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781506699851
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: XANEDU PUBLISHING
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 12RQ
Histamine binds to the H1 G-protein-linked receptor to initiate the itchiness and airway constriction associated with an allergic response. If a mutation in the associated G-protein’s alpha subunit prevented the hydrolysis of GTP how would the allergic response change?
- More severe allergic response compared to normal G-protein signaling.
- Less severe allergic response compared to normal G-protein signaling.
- No allergic response.
- No change compared to normal G-protein signaling.
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
Cholera toxins, produced by the pathogenic bacteria Vibrio cholerae, disrupt G Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways. They interfere with...
the ability of the beta subunit of a G protein to bind to the GPCR
the ability of the gamma subunit of a G protein to exchange GDP for GTP
the ability of the beta subunit of a G protein to bind to an effector protein
the ability of the alpha subunit of a G protein to hydrolyze GTP to GDP
Compare and contrast signaling via G-protein coupled receptor, receptor tyrosine kinases, nuclear receptor. Please name at least one ligand/receptor for each pathway. Also describe the 'fast' and 'slow' responses mediated by ligand binding
The figure below shows a signaling pathway activated by the binding of adrenaline to
the beta-adrenergic receptor.
Binding of adrenaline to the receptor causes GTP-binding and activation of G
proteins. Active GTP-boundG protein activates adenylate cyclase to initiate a
signaling cascade that affects cellular responses, and includes cellular changes to
mediate increased heart rate and accounts for the flight-or-fight response.
activated
adrenaline
activated
B-adrenergic receptor adenylate
cyclase
adenylate
cyclase
G protein
subunit
GTP
3.
GDP
conformational
ATP
CAMP
change in receptor
heterotrimeric G protein
ACAMP
inactive
protein kinase A
active
protein kinase A
cellular responses
Consider the homozygous mutation in which a cell produces a variant of the
adrenergic receptor that is constitutively active in the absence of ligand.
Which of the following are true in this cell? Select all that apply.
Protein Kinase A is always activated
CAMP concentration is higher than normal
Heart rate…
Chapter 9 Solutions
BIOLOGY 2E
Ch. 9 - Figure 9.8 HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase. In...Ch. 9 - Figure 9.10 In certain cancers, the GTPase...Ch. 9 - Figure 9.17 Which of the following statements...Ch. 9 - Figure 9.18 What advantage might biofilm...Ch. 9 - What property prevents the ligands of cell-surface...Ch. 9 - The secretion of hormones by the pituitary gland...Ch. 9 - Why are ion channels necessary to transport ions...Ch. 9 - Endocrine signals are transmitted more slowly than...Ch. 9 - A scientist notices that when she adds a small,...Ch. 9 - Where do DAG and IP3 originate? They are formed by...
Ch. 9 - What property enables the residues of the amino...Ch. 9 - Histamine binds to the H1 G-protein-linked...Ch. 9 - A scientist observes a mutation in the...Ch. 9 - What is the function of a phosphatase? A...Ch. 9 - How does NF-kB induce gene expression? A small,...Ch. 9 - Apoptosis can occur in a cell when the cell is...Ch. 9 - What is the effect of an inhibitor binding an...Ch. 9 - How does PKC’s signaling role change in response...Ch. 9 - A scientist notices that a cancer cell line fails...Ch. 9 - Which type of molecule acts as a signaling...Ch. 9 - Quorum sensing is triggered to begin when...Ch. 9 - A doctor is researching new ways to treat biofilms...Ch. 9 - What is the difference between intracellular...Ch. 9 - How are the effects of paracrine signaling limited...Ch. 9 - What are the differences between internal...Ch. 9 - Cells grown in the laboratory are mixed with a dye...Ch. 9 - Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar by...Ch. 9 - The same second messengers are used in many...Ch. 9 - What would happen if the intracellular domain of a...Ch. 9 - If a cell developed a mutation in its MAP2K1 gene...Ch. 9 - What is a possible result of a mutation in a...Ch. 9 - How does the extracellular matrix control the...Ch. 9 - A scientist notices that a cancer cell line shows...Ch. 9 - What characteristics make yeasts a good model for...Ch. 9 - Why is signaling in multicellular organisms more...Ch. 9 - Pseudomonas infections are very common in hospital...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
If a constant, nonzero force is applied to an object, what can you say about the velocity and acceleration of t...
College Physics
With the initial appearance of the feature we call Now Solve This, a short introduction is in order. The featur...
Concepts of Genetics (11th Edition)
Define histology.
Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
In Drosophila, Dichaete (D) is a mutation on chromosome III with a dominant effect on wing shape. It is lethal ...
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
MAKE CONNECTIONS Review the description of meiosis (see Figure 10.8) and Mendels laws of segregation and indepe...
Campbell Biology in Focus
One isomer of methamphetamine is the addictive illegal drug known as crank. Another isomer is a medicine for si...
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following steps amplify the epinephrine signal response in cells: receptor activation of G protein, G protein activation of adenylyl cyclase, cAMP activation of PKA, or PKA phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase kinase (GPK)? Which change will have a greater effect on signal amplification: an increase in the number of epinephrine receptors or an increase in the number of Gαs proteins?arrow_forwardnicotine from cigarette smoke acts as a lignad and associated with specific proteins on the surface of cells in the brain, causing felings of pleasure nad well being. What is the appropriate event in the cellular response to nicotine Rapid elimination of nicotine from the body is an example of: 1. receptor binding 2. signal termination 3. recepto activation 4. signal transduction 5. cellular responsearrow_forwardThis is a signaling pathway that involves a second messenger: epinephrine → G protein-coupled receptor → G protein → adenylyl cyclase → cAMP. Which one is known as the second messenger?arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about G-protein-coupled receptors and cyclic AMP is WRONG? Cyclic AMP is synthesized by adenylyl cyclase and degraded by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. Many extracellular signals acting via G-protein-coupled receptors affect the activity of the enzyme adenylyl cyclase and thus alter the concentration of cyclic AMP. The G protein alpha subunit switches itself off by hydrolyzing its bound GDP to GTP.arrow_forwardThe figure below shows a signaling pathway activated by the binding of adrenaline to the beta-adrenergic receptor. Binding of adrenaline to the receptor causes GTP-binding and activation of G proteins. Active GTP-bound G protein activates adenylate cyclase to initiate a signaling cascade that affects cellular responses. activated adrenaline activated B-adrenergic receptor adenylate cyclase adenylate cyclase G protein subunit 2 OLLE GTP 3. GDP conformational CAMP ATP change in receptor heterotrimeric G protein ACAMP inactive protein kinase A active protein kinase A cellular responses In which of the conditions would you see a constitutive activation of adenylate cyclase independent of adrenaline hormone? Cells have a adrenergic receptor that constitutively activates the G proteins in the absence of ligand Cells are treated with cholera toxin that locks the activated G proteins in their GTP bound form Cells are treated with pertussis toxin that locks the G proteins in their GDP bound…arrow_forwardPut the following steps for the outline of the growth factor signaling pathway in order: Map Kinase Kinase is Phosphorylated Proteins involved in gene transcription are activated Growth factor binds to its receptor in the cytoplasmic membrane Receptor recruits adaptor protein and GEF Autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues on the receptor Structural change of the receptor activates Tyrosine Kinase Map Kinase Kinase Kinase is phosphorylated Ras, a small GTPase, is activated by the exchange of GTP for GDP Map Kinase is Phosphorylated Map Kinase enters the nucleusarrow_forward
- Arrange signalling cascade events in chronological order. Release of Ca2+ ions triggered by IP3 release Dissociation of GTP from alpha-subunit in G proteins Sweet molecules binds to G-protein coupled receptors. Activation of phospholipase Carrow_forwardIn a patient with Essential thrombocytemia, a mutation in JAK2 - a downstream effector of cytokine receptor, results in a constitutive activation of the pseudokinase domain of the receptor and an inhibition of signaling via this pathway. Group of answer choices True Falsearrow_forwardWhich of the following is incorrect about the G protein signaling pathways? a. The binding of the ligand to the receptor activates the G protein b. The G protein-coupled receptors are known as 7TM receptors Oc. They involve the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) Od. The G protein activates a kinase that catalyzes the formation of ATParrow_forward
- Hormone H regulates these effects via its receptors which are found at both the cell surface (csRH) and within the cell (içRH). The signalling pathways that become activated in the presence of hormone H are depicted and described below. hormone H. H H extracellular fluid inactive GTP inactive RAS Lyn cell-surface receptor for H (csR») icR GDP RAS-GTP hexose metabolism cell survival H icR G, phase (resting) Raf HK GSK-3P MEK M G2 icR - hexose kinase ERK promoter HRE CDK1 Cyclin A nucleus cyclin A Fos A promoter Created in BioRender.com bio Signalling via the cell surface receptor Hormone H mediates its cell cycle stimulatory and pro-survival effects by binding to and activating the cell surface hormone H receptor (csRH). The activated CSRH activates Lyn, which activates RAS and ultimately the Raf/MEK/ERK kinase cascade. Active ERK: o phosphorylates and inactivates GSK-3B. Inhibition of GSK-3ß promotes cell survival. inhibits p27, preventing it from inhibiting cell cycle progression.…arrow_forwardbased on this image, please list the steps of fear response and what type of modulation triggers each step.arrow_forwardGTPγS is a nonhydrolyzable analog of GTP. Suppose this compound were added to a cell-free system containing active components of an adrenergic signaling system. What consequences would you expect? What would be the effects on cAMP levels?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Intro to Cell Signaling; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dbRterutHY;License: Standard youtube license