BIOLOGY 2E
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781506699851
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: XANEDU PUBLISHING
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 8RQ
Endocrine signals are transmitted more slowly than paracrine signals because.___
- the ligands are transported through the bloodstream and travel greater distances
- the target and signaling cells are close together
- the ligands are degraded rapidly
- the ligands don't bind to carrier proteins during transport
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Chapter 9 Solutions
BIOLOGY 2E
Ch. 9 - Figure 9.8 HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase. In...Ch. 9 - Figure 9.10 In certain cancers, the GTPase...Ch. 9 - Figure 9.17 Which of the following statements...Ch. 9 - Figure 9.18 What advantage might biofilm...Ch. 9 - What property prevents the ligands of cell-surface...Ch. 9 - The secretion of hormones by the pituitary gland...Ch. 9 - Why are ion channels necessary to transport ions...Ch. 9 - Endocrine signals are transmitted more slowly than...Ch. 9 - A scientist notices that when she adds a small,...Ch. 9 - Where do DAG and IP3 originate? They are formed by...
Ch. 9 - What property enables the residues of the amino...Ch. 9 - Histamine binds to the H1 G-protein-linked...Ch. 9 - A scientist observes a mutation in the...Ch. 9 - What is the function of a phosphatase? A...Ch. 9 - How does NF-kB induce gene expression? A small,...Ch. 9 - Apoptosis can occur in a cell when the cell is...Ch. 9 - What is the effect of an inhibitor binding an...Ch. 9 - How does PKC’s signaling role change in response...Ch. 9 - A scientist notices that a cancer cell line fails...Ch. 9 - Which type of molecule acts as a signaling...Ch. 9 - Quorum sensing is triggered to begin when...Ch. 9 - A doctor is researching new ways to treat biofilms...Ch. 9 - What is the difference between intracellular...Ch. 9 - How are the effects of paracrine signaling limited...Ch. 9 - What are the differences between internal...Ch. 9 - Cells grown in the laboratory are mixed with a dye...Ch. 9 - Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar by...Ch. 9 - The same second messengers are used in many...Ch. 9 - What would happen if the intracellular domain of a...Ch. 9 - If a cell developed a mutation in its MAP2K1 gene...Ch. 9 - What is a possible result of a mutation in a...Ch. 9 - How does the extracellular matrix control the...Ch. 9 - A scientist notices that a cancer cell line shows...Ch. 9 - What characteristics make yeasts a good model for...Ch. 9 - Why is signaling in multicellular organisms more...Ch. 9 - Pseudomonas infections are very common in hospital...
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- What statement about lipid-soluble signaling is FALSE. These signals often alter gene expression in the cell Requires a transporter to enter the cell Rapidly initiates long-lasting change Steroids are an example of lipid-soluble ligands O Lipid-soluble signals bind to intracellular receptorsarrow_forward27) Fill in the blanks Cells adjacent to one another frequently communicate through Other forms of cell-cell communication through In extracellular signaling ligand-receptor interaction induce; 28) Cell-to-cell communication by extracellular signaling usually involves six steps , sort the below given steps according to happening order; Removal of the signal, which usually terminates the cellular response – degradation of ligand- A change in cellular metabolism, function, or development CELLULAR RESPONSE triggered by the receptor-ligand complex – specific to the ligand-receptor complex Release of the signaling molecule by the signaling cell Transport of the signal to the target cell Synthesis of the signaling molecule by the signaling cell Detection of the signal by a specific receptor protein (receptor-ligand specificity 29) Polyethylene can be obtained in two different forms. High-density polyethylene (0.94 g/cm3) is a linear polymer. Low-density polyethylene (0.92 g/cm3) is a…arrow_forwardKindly refer to image and answer the question. 1. Why is there a need to regulate the metabolic activity of the cells?arrow_forward
- Cholera toxins, produced by the pathogenic bacteria Vibrio cholerae, disrupt G Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways. They interfere with... the ability of the beta subunit of a G protein to bind to the GPCR the ability of the gamma subunit of a G protein to exchange GDP for GTP the ability of the beta subunit of a G protein to bind to an effector protein the ability of the alpha subunit of a G protein to hydrolyze GTP to GDParrow_forwardSome signal molecules can bind to extracellular proteins that directly bind DNA and regulate gene transcription True Falsearrow_forwardPut the following steps for the outline of the growth factor signaling pathway in order: Map Kinase Kinase is Phosphorylated Proteins involved in gene transcription are activated Growth factor binds to its receptor in the cytoplasmic membrane Receptor recruits adaptor protein and GEF Autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues on the receptor Structural change of the receptor activates Tyrosine Kinase Map Kinase Kinase Kinase is phosphorylated Ras, a small GTPase, is activated by the exchange of GTP for GDP Map Kinase is Phosphorylated Map Kinase enters the nucleusarrow_forward
- 1. Plays an important role in intracellular signaling 2. helps maintain an erection in men 3. has a key role in glycoprotein synthesis 4. Helps control diabetes by reducing blood sugar and insulin resistance 5. facilitates absorption of minerals such as Potassium, Magnesium, and Calcium 6. removes toxic substances from the breakdown of muscle proteins during intensive exercise 7. has a synergistic effect with Vitamin E and Selenium 8. Needed to produce tryptophan 9. Protects myelin sheath 10. facilitates removal of heavy metals such as mercury Choices for the answers: A. Alanine B. Cysteine C. Glutamine D. Glutathione E. Glycine F. Serine G. Taurine H. Aspargine I. Aspartic Acid J. Proline K. L-arginine L. Tyrosinearrow_forwardThe step(s) involved in cell signaling are: Signaling cell synthesizes and secretes a signaling molecule The signaling molecule binds to a receptor of the target cell O Extracellular signal is converted into O intracellular signal followed by the response All of the abovearrow_forwardWhen a cell secretes a growth factor that binds to receptors on neighboring cells of different type causing them to proliferate this is an example of endocrine signaling O autocrine signaling O direct intercellular signaling O paracrine signaling O contact-dependent signalingarrow_forward
- Choose 1 or more than 1 Which of the following statements applies to G proteins? G protein-coupled receptors transduce signal from outside to inside the cell. G proteins are in the Golgi apparatus as indicated by their name. G proteins have a similar structure. G proteins activate transduction cascades leading to cell responses. G proteins are the targets of medicinal drugs..arrow_forwardFigure 9.8 HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase. In 30 percent of human breast cancers, HER2 is permanently activated, resulting in unregulated cell division. Lapatinib, a drug used to treat breast cancer, inhibits HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation (the process by which the receptor adds phosphates onto itself), thus reducing tumor growth by 50 percent. Besides autophosphorylation, which of the following steps would be inhibited by Lapatinib? Signaling molecule binding, dimerization, and the downstream cellular response. Dimerization, and the downstream cellular response. The downstream cellular response. Phosphatase activity, dimerization, and the downsteam cellular response.arrow_forwardFigure 37.5 Heat shock proteins (HSP) are so named because they help refold misfolded proteins. In response to increased temperature (a “heat shock"), heat shock proteins are activated by release from the NR/HSP complex. At the same time, transcription of HSP genes is activated. Why do you think the cell responds to a heat shock by increasing the activity of proteins that help refold misfolded proteins?arrow_forward
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