The formal charges on each atom in the carbonate ion ( CO 3 2 − ) are to be determined. Concept introduction: Lewis dot symbols contain dots, which give information about valence electrons. Lewis structures show bonds as lines and lone pairs as dots. Due to attraction toward electrons, the ions and the molecules get some charge over them, which is called formal charge. Formal charge is given by: Total number of valence electrons in a free atom - total number of associated electrons.

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Chapter 8.8, Problem 1PPA

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formal charges on each atom in the carbonate ion (CO32−) are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Lewis dot symbols contain dots, which give information about valence electrons.

Lewis structures show bonds as lines and lone pairs as dots.

Due to attraction toward electrons, the ions and the molecules get some charge over them, which is called formal charge.

Formal charge is given by:

Total number of valence electrons in a free atom - total number of associated electrons.

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