Chapter 8.4, Problem 1PE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The atom having a larger first ionization energy has to be determined among $N$ and $P$

Concept Introduction:

The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the electron from an isolated atom which is in the gaseous state results to give gaseous ion with one positive charge.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The atom having a smaller second ionization energy has to be determined among $Na$ and $Mg$

Concept Introduction:

The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the electron from an isolated atom which is in the gaseous state results to give gaseous ion with one positive charge.

The minimum energy needed to remove an electron from a unipositive gaseous ion to form a dipositive ion in the ground state is known as second ionization energy.