Chapter 8, Problem 8.47QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical states (gas, liquid, or solid) of the representative elements in the fourth period $\left(\text{K, Ca, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br}\right)$ at $\text{1 atm}$ and $\text{25}°\text{C}$ should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Three states of matter:

• Solid, liquid and gas.

Solid

• Possess a definite volume and definite shape.
• Particles are closely packed together and unable to move about very much.
• Particle of a solid have very low kinetic energy.

Liquid

• Liquid possess a definite volume, bit indefinite shape.
• Particles are less loosely bound than solid and have more kinetic energy than solid.
• The liquid particle is not held in regular shape.

Gas

• Gas possess an indefinite volume and indefinite shape.
• Particles have a great deal of space between them and have high kinetic energy.
• Gas particle have enough kinetic energy to overcome intermolecular forces that hold by solid or liquid or together.

Across the period, physical state of elements goes from solid then to liquid and to gas.