Organic Chemistry
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781118875766
Author: T. W. Graham Solomons, Craig B. Fryhle, Scott A. Snyder
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 8, Problem 9PP
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The structures of the alkene are to be written and the reagents needed to synthesize each of the given alcohols by oxymercuration-demercuration is to be specified.
Concept Introduction:
Oxymercuration-demercuration: An organic reaction in which the double bonds of
When
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PRACTICE PROBLEM 8.20
Specify the alkene and reagents needed to synthesize each of the following diols.
OH
HO-
(a)
(b)
(c)
HO.
н он
HO
(racemic)
(racemic)
11:43
Q1.
(a)
(c)
(d)
(b) Two stereoisomers of but-2-ene are formed when 2-bromobutane reacts with
ethanolic potassium hydroxide.
(i) Explain what is meant by the term stereoisomers.
Library
Name and outline a mechanism for the reaction of 2-bromo-2-methylpropane with
ethanolic potassium hydroxide to form the alkene 2-methylpropene, (CH3)2C=CH₂
Name of mechanism
Mechanism
(ii)
Draw the structures and give the names of the two stereoisomers of
but-2-ene.
Stereoisomer 1
Name
(iii) Name this type of stereoisomerism.
Select
Name
Stereoisomer 2
When 2-bromo-2-methylpropane reacts with aqueous potassium hydroxide,
2-methylpropan-2-ol is formed as shown by the following equation.
CH3
H₂C-C-CH3 + KOH
Br
Page 2 of 14
CH3
H3C-C-CH3 + KBr
ОН
State the role of the hydroxide ions in this reaction.
Write an equation for the reaction that occurs when CH3CH₂CH₂CH₂Br reacts with
an excess of ammonia. Name the organic product of this reaction.
Equation
Name of product
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(a)
(b)
(c)
Suggest a synthesis of the following alkene (A) using a Wittig reaction strategy. Draw
the starting material(s), key reagent and a full reaction mechanism including an
explanation of the observed geometry.
Which of the following (B) and (C) will favour the enol form? Briefly explain your
reasoning.
Predict the product(s) and provide a mechanism for each of the following
transformations:
(i)
(ii)
OMe
OMe
Base
OEt
NaOEt
Chapter 8 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 8 - Prob. 1PPCh. 8 - Prob. 2PPCh. 8 - Practice Problem 8.3 Provide mechanistic...Ch. 8 - Prob. 4PPCh. 8 - Prob. 5PPCh. 8 - Prob. 6PPCh. 8 - Prob. 7PPCh. 8 - Prob. 8PPCh. 8 - Prob. 9PPCh. 8 - Prob. 10PP
Ch. 8 - Prob. 11PPCh. 8 - Prob. 12PPCh. 8 - Practice Problem 8.13
Specify the appropriate...Ch. 8 - Prob. 14PPCh. 8 - Practice Problem 8.15 Write a mechanism to explain...Ch. 8 - Prob. 16PPCh. 8 - Prob. 17PPCh. 8 - Prob. 18PPCh. 8 - Practice Problem 8.19 Treating cyclohexene with l,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 20PPCh. 8 - Practice Problem 8.21
Predict the products of the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 22PPCh. 8 - Prob. 23PPCh. 8 - Prob. 24PPCh. 8 - Prob. 25PPCh. 8 - Write structural formulas for the products that...Ch. 8 - Prob. 27PCh. 8 - Prob. 28PCh. 8 - 8.29. Give the structure of the products that you...Ch. 8 - Give the structure of the products you would...Ch. 8 - Prob. 31PCh. 8 - Prob. 32PCh. 8 - Prob. 33PCh. 8 - Prob. 34PCh. 8 - Prob. 35PCh. 8 - Prob. 36PCh. 8 - Prob. 37PCh. 8 - When 3, 3-dimethyl-2-butanol is neared with...Ch. 8 - Prob. 39PCh. 8 - Prob. 40PCh. 8 - Prob. 41PCh. 8 - Prob. 42PCh. 8 - 8.43. Write a mechanism that explains the...Ch. 8 - 8.44. Write a mechanism for the following...Ch. 8 - Write a mechanism that explains formation of the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 46PCh. 8 - 8.47. Farnesene (below) is a compound found in the...Ch. 8 - Limonene is a compound found in orange oil and...Ch. 8 - Prob. 49PCh. 8 - Synthesize the following compound starting with...Ch. 8 - Predict features of their IR spectra that you...Ch. 8 - Deduce the structures of compounds A, B, and C,...Ch. 8 - Ricinoleic acid, a compound that can be isolated...Ch. 8 - 8.54. There are two dicarboxylic acids with the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 55PCh. 8 - Prob. 56PCh. 8 - Prob. 57PCh. 8 - Prob. 58PCh. 8 - 8.59. For each of the following questions, please...Ch. 8 - Prob. 60PCh. 8 - Prob. 61PCh. 8 - Prob. 62PCh. 8 - Triethylamine, (C2H5)3N, like all amines, has a...Ch. 8 - (a) Synthesize (3S, 4R)-3,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2LGPCh. 8 - Prob. 3LGPCh. 8 - Prob. 4LGP
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- 5.34 Select the compound in each of the following pairs that will be converted to the corresponding alkyl bromide more rapidly on being treated with hydrogen bromide. Explain the reason for your choice. (a) 1-Butanol or 2-butanol (b) 2-Methyl-1-butanol or 2-butanol (c) 2-Methyl-2-butanol or 2-butanol (d) 2-Methylbutane or 2-butanol dovolonentanol or cyclohexanolarrow_forward4.21 Name the following alkenes, and predict the products of their reaction with (i) KMnO4 in aqueous acid and (ii) KMnO4 in aqueous NaOH: (a) (b)arrow_forward• PRACTICE PROBLEM 8.13 Specify the appropriate alkene and reagents for synthesis of each of the following alcohols by hydroboration–oxidation. (a) (c) OH (e) CH3 OH AH OH no mobe OH ( (b) (d) (f) OH HT H3 D OH OH HO OHarrow_forward
- 6.26 Starting with an appropriate alkyl halide and using any other needed reagents, outline syntheses of each of the following. When alternative possibilities exist for a synthesis, you should choose the one that gives the better yield. `CN (a) Butyl sec-butyl ether (e) (i) cis-4-Isopropylcyclohexanol н CN (b) (f) (j) (c) Methyl neopentyl ether (g) (S)-2-Pentanol (k) trans-1-lodo-4-methylcyclohexane (d) Methyl phenyl ether (h) (R)-2-Iodo-4-methylpentanearrow_forwardO PRACTICE PROBLEM 8.14 Starting with any needed alkene (or cycloalkene) and assuming you have deuterioace- tic acid (CH3CO,D) available, outline syntheses of the following deuterium-labeled compounds.s el en olad lo nohibbs ad CH3 (a) (CH3)2CHCH2CH,D (b) (CH3),CHCHDCH3 (c) (+ enantiomer) (d) Assuming you also have available BD3:THF and CH3CO2T, can you suggest a synthesis of the following? hab erl (+ enantiomer)he imo (nwond-ben) CH3 H. (asoholea)arrow_forwardStarting exactly with any acid chloride with exactly with 5 carbon atoms, and using appropriate reagents outline the synthesis of the following molecules: (a) 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanone (b) 4-propyl-4-octanolarrow_forward
- 7.55 Acid-catalyzed dehydration of 2,2-dimethyl-1-hexanol gave a number of isomeric alkenes including 2- methyl-2-heptene as shown in the following equation. H2SO4 НО heat (a) Write a stepwise mechanism for the formation of 2-methyl-2-heptene, using curved arrows to show the flow of electrons. (b) What other alkenes do you think are formed in this reaction?arrow_forward10.23 Show, by writing a suitable sequence of chemical equations, how you could prepare the following compound from cyclopentene and any necessary organic or inorganic reagents: (a) 2-Cyclopenten-1-olarrow_forwardRank the compounds in each group according to their reactivity towardelectrophilic substitution.(a) Chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, benzene(b) p-Bromonitrobenzene , nitrobenzene, phenol(c) Fluorobenzene, benzaldehyde, a-xylene(d) Benzonitrile, p-methylbenzonitr ile,p-methoxybenzonitrilearrow_forward
- 4.33 Select the compound in each of the following pairs that will be converted to the corresponding alkyl bromide more rapidly on being treated with hydrogen bromide. Explain the reason for your choice. (a) 1-Butanol or 2-Butanol (b) 2-Methyl-1-butanol or 2-butanol (c) 2-Methyl-2-butanol or 2-butanol (d) 2-Methylbutane or 2-butanol (e) 1-Methylcyclopentanol or cyclohexanol Draw the energy diagrams of an SN1 reaction and an SN2 reaction. Include in your drawing anexample reaction. Identify the rate limiting step and label it as unimolecular or bimolecular.arrow_forward7.26 Predict the principal organic product of each of the following reactions. Specify stereochemistry where appropriate. ONa (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (1) (g) (h) e (j) L OH (1) H- Br + + OH OCH3 Br Br CoHs ONa NaOH NaN3 dioxane-water Ao fo X A Br NH3 methanol HCI CHC13 -CH3 CH,SNa -H OOH (k) CH₂(CH₂)₁6CH₂OTS + CH3CH₂CH₂CH₂SNa → CGHS CH₂ONa CH3OH 1. LIAIH, diethyl ether 2. H₂O K₂CO3 acetonearrow_forward8.1)The enol content of CH3COCH2CO2Et in hexane is 46% and that in water is 0.4%. Thereason for the above observation is as follows: (A) Intermolecular hydrogen bonding is stabilized by hexane. (B) Intramolecular hydrogen bonding is stabilized by water. (C) Intramolecular hydrogen bonding is destabilized by water. (D) CH3COCH2CO2Et dissolves in hexane completely. 2)The molecular formula of glucose is C6H12O6. The chemical composition of glucose is(A) 39.99 % C, 6.71 % H, 53.27 % O (B) 40.99 % C, 6.71 % H, 53.27 % O(C) 39.99 % C, 7.71 % H, 54.27 % O (D) 29.99 % C, 7.71 % H, 53.00 % O 3)20 mL of 0.2 M hydrochloric acid is added to 5 mL of 0.1 M sodium carbonate. Theresultant solution is then titrated against 0.2 M sodium hydroxide. What will be the titrevalue?(A) 15 mL (B) 10 mL (C) 5 mL (D) 20 mL 4) High thermal stabilities of transition metal carbonyls are due to- (A) non-availability of d-orbital on carbon. (B) formation of an ionic bond between CO and metal. (C) interaction of…arrow_forward
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