Chapter 8, Problem 24PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structures of A–D are to be deduced.

Concept introduction:

Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.

Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.

Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.

Reduction is a process in which hydrogen atoms are added to a compound.

Usual reagents used in the reduction process are ${\text{H}}_2/\text{Pt}/\text{pressure}$, or ${\text{H}}_2/\text{Ni}/\text{pressure}$.

Ozonolysis: It is an organic reaction in which the double bonds of alkenes, alkynes, or azo compounds are broken by ozone. In this reaction, carbon–carbon pi-bond has been replaced by a carbonyl group while azo compounds form nitrosamines.

When ${\text{O}}_3,{\left({\text{CH}}_3\right)}_2\text{S}$ is added to alkenes, they undergo ozonolysis and form aldehydes and ketones.