Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Comparison of ratio of atoms or ions in 3p states and in ground state of Na atom and Mg+ is to be done when there is a natural gas air flame of temperature 1800 K.
Concept introduction:
Boltzmann equation is used for the calculation of the ratio. This equation tells that how much an atom or ion is populated as a function of temperature. This equation is given as-
And the calculation of energy of atom and ion is done by the following formula-
Where,
h= Planck’s constant
c = light velocity
λ= wavelength
Ej= energy difference of excited state and ground state
(b)
Interpretation:
Comparison of ratio of atoms or ions in 3p states and in ground state of Na atom and Mg+ is to be done when there is a hydrogen - oxygen flame of 2950K.
Concept introduction:
Boltzmann equation is used for the calculation of the ratio. This equation tells that how much an atom or ion is populated as a function of temperature. This equation is given as-
And the calculation of energy of atom and ion is done by the following formula-
Where,
h= Planck’s constant
c = light velocity
λ= wavelength
Ej= energy difference of excited state and ground state.
(c)
Interpretation:
Comparison of ratio of atoms or ions in 3p states and in ground state of Na atom and Mg+ is to be done when there is an inductively −coupled plasma source of 7250 K.
Concept introduction:
Boltzmann equation is used for the calculation of the ratio. This equation tells that how much an atom or ion is populated as a function of temperature. This equation is given as-
And the calculation of energy of atom and ion is done by the following formula-
Where,
h= Planck’s constant
c = light velocity
λ= wavelength
Ej= energy difference of excited state and ground state.
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
- Calculate the momentum of an X-ray photon with a wavelength of 0.17nm. How does this value compare with the momentum of a free electron that has been accelerated through a potential difference of 5000 volts? (Hint: electron mass, m, = 9.10938 x 10" kg; electron charge e = 1.602 x 10"C; speed of light e = 3.0 x 10* m.s'; 1.00 J= 1.00 VC; h = 6.626 x 10"J.s. The various energy units are: 1 J= 1 kg.m°s³, 1.00 eV =1VC, leV= 1.602 x 10"J, 1J= 6.242 x 10" eV, etc.). %3Darrow_forwardAssume that for ¹H35 Cl molecule the rotational quantum number J is 11 and vibrational quantum number n = 0. The isotopic mass of ¹H atom is 1.0078 amu and the isotopic mass of 35 C1 atom is 34.9688 amu, k = 516 N · m¯¹, and x = 127.5 pm. Part E Calculate the period for vibration. Express your answer in seconds to three significant figures. Tvibrational = Part F Submit Previous Answers 1.12x10-14 s Correct Correct answer is shown. Your answer 1.1181.10-¹4 = 1.1181x10-14s was either rounded differently or used a different number of significant figures than required for this part. Calculate the period for rotation. Express your answer in seconds to four significant figures. Trotational = ΑΣΦ W ? Sarrow_forward(c) The kinetic energy, KE, of electrons emitted from a metal surface after irradiation with UV light of wavelength A is given by: hc Kε = 7-9 where h is Planck's constant (6.626 x 10-4 Js), c is the speed of light in a vacuum (2.99 x 108 m s¹), and is the work function of the metal surface. In a specific experiment, light with a wavelength of 266 nm was used to irradiate a cadmium (Cd) metal surface. Calculate the photon energy of the light used in the experiment, in Joules. (1) ₂4arrow_forward
- (c) The kinetic energy, K₁, of electrons emitted from a metal surface after irradiation with UV light of wavelength λ is given by: hc Kg = -4 where his Planck's constant (6.626 x 10-4 Js), c is the speed of light in a vacuum (2.99 x 108 m s¹), and is the work function of the metal surface. In a specific experiment, light with a wavelength of 266 nm was used to irradiate a cadmium (Cd) metal surface.arrow_forward(a) The surface of a metal is illuminated with light of wavelength 590nm. A PD of 0.15V is applied between the metal surface and the collecting electrodes in order to prevent the collection of electrons. Calculate:(i) The work function of the metal.(ii.) The work done against the most energetic photoelectrons.(iii.) The speed of the most energetic electrons. (b.) Light of varying frequencies is incident on the surface of three different metals x, y and z. The work functions wo of the metals are such that w0x < w0y < w0z. Sketch on the same axes graphs to show how the maximum kinetic energies of photoelectrons vary with frequency.arrow_forward(c) The kinetic energy, Kr, of electrons emitted from a metal surface after irradiation with UV light of wavelength λ is given by: hc K₁=-=- where h is Planck's constant (6.626 x 10-4 Js), c is the speed of light in a vacuum (2.99 x 108 m s¹), and is the work function of the metal surface. In a specific experiment, light with a wavelength of 266 nm was used to irradiate a cadmium (Cd) metal surface. (i) Calculate the photon energy of the light used in the experiment, in Joules. (II) The work function for cadmium is 4.08 eV. Calculate the kinetic energy of the emitted electrons. [Note: 1 eV = 1.60 x 10-19 J.)arrow_forward
- Ca lcu late the size of the quantum involved in the excitation of (a) an electronic motion of frequency 1.0 x 1015 Hz. (b) a molecular vibration of period 20 Is. (c) a pendulum of period 0.50 s. Express the results in joules and in kilojoules per mole.arrow_forward3. ^14N^16O (the superscripts represent the atomic mass number) (a) NO molecules rotate at an angular velocity of 2.01x10^12 rev/s, at the quantized rotational state with the rotational quantum number J of 3. Calculate the bond length of NO molecules. (b) Can NO molecules rotate under light irradiation? Explain your answer. (c) Calculate the effective force constant of the vibrational mode of NO at a frequency of 5.63x10^13 Hz measured by the infrared absorption spectrum. (d) NO has a bond energy of 6.29 eV. Applying the parabolic approximation to estimate the longest distance in which N and O atoms can be stretched before the dissociation of the molecular bondarrow_forwardFor Na ion, what is the ratio of the number of ions in the 3p excited state to the number in the ground state at a temperature of 6500 K?arrow_forward
- (b) A system with chemical potential u = 12.5 meV contains identical particles each with integer spin and has a single quantum state at energy E, = 0 meV. The temperature of the system is fixed at 290 K. To three significant figures, what is the ratio Pg/P1, where P is the probability of finding a single particle in the state Eo, and P3 is the probability of finding 3 particles in this state? P3/P (Input your answer as a number.)arrow_forward7A.1b) Calculate the size of the quantum involved in the excitation of (i) an electronic oscillation of period 2.50 fs. (ii) a molecular vibration of period 2.21 fs, (iii) a balance wheel of period 1.0 ms. Express the results in joules and kilojoules per mole. 7A eje of 7A elearrow_forward(1)Calculate the average distance a 100 keV photon will travel in graphite. (2) Calculate the thickness required to halve the intensity of the incident beam.arrow_forward
Principles of Modern ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305079113Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. ButlerPublisher:Cengage Learning