Ortho-phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is produced as a dilute aqueous solution that must be concentrated before further use. In one facility, 100 tons/day of a 28 wt% P2O5solution [see Part (a) of this problem] at 125°F is to be concentrated in a single evaporator to42 wt% P2O5. Heat is supplied to the evaporator by condensing saturated steam at 27.5 psia. The evaporator is to operate at 3.7 psia, and there is a boding point elevation of 37°F for the 42 wt% P2O5solution in the evaporator (see Section 6.5c). The heat of solution of H3PO4at 77°F may be taken to be -5040 Btu/Ib-mole H3PO4relative to H3PO4(l) and H2O(l). The heat capacity of the 28% solution is 0.705 Btu/(lbm·°F) and that of the 42% solution is 0.583 Btu/(lbm·°F).
- It is conventional for the compositions of phosphoric acid solutions to be expressed in terms of wt% P2O5. Write the stoichiometric equation for the formation of ortho-phosphoric acid (MW = 98.00) from phosphorus pentoxide (MW = 141.96), and use it to derive the expression
- Calculate the ratio (Ibmwater evaporated Ibmfeed solution).
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