Index of hydrogen deficiency, double bonds, number of rings of the given reactant, and structures of the given reactant and product are to be determined Concept introduction: Hydrogenation with platinum as a catalyst is used to convert unsaturated carbohydrates to saturated hydrocarbons. Index of hydrogen deficiency is determined by the number of pair of hydrogens required to convert an unsaturated compound into a saturated compound. Oxidation of alkenes with ozone in the presence of dimethyl sulfide results in the formation of ketones or aldehydes depending on the orientation and position of the double bond.

Question

Methotrexate, a drug that inhibits the metabolism of folic acid, is used in the treatment of a variety of cancers and autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. (a) GIve the hybridization of each N atom in methotrexate. (b) In what type of orbital does the lone pair of each N reside? (c) Explain why the bicyclic ring system that contains four N atoms is aromatic.

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 8, Problem 48P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Index of hydrogen deficiency, double bonds, number of rings of the given reactant, and structures of the given reactant and product are to be determined

Concept introduction:

Hydrogenation with platinum as a catalyst is used to convert unsaturated carbohydrates to saturated hydrocarbons.

Index of hydrogen deficiency is determined by the number of pair of hydrogens required to convert an unsaturated compound into a saturated compound.

Oxidation of alkenes with ozone in the presence of dimethyl sulfide results in the formation of ketones or aldehydes depending on the orientation and position of the double bond.

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Methotrexate, a drug that inhibits the metabolism of folic acid, is used in the treatment of a variety of cancers and autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. (a) GIve the hybridization of each N atom in methotrexate. (b) In what type of orbital does the lone pair of each N reside? (c) Explain why the bicyclic ring system that contains four N atoms is aromatic.

Compound A exhibits a peak in its 1H NMR spectrum at 7.6 ppm, indicating that it is aromatic. (a) How are the carbon atoms of the triple bonds hybridized? (b) In what type of orbitals are the π electrons of the triple bonds contained? (c) How many π electrons are delocalized around the ring in A?

Draw a three-dimensional structure for each compound, and star all asymmetric carbon atoms. Draw the mirror image for each structure, and state whether you have drawn a pair of enantiomers or just the same molecule twice. Build molecular models of any of these examples that seem difficult to you. (a) ОН (b) (c) NH, ОН СH—CH—СООН | pentan-2-ol pentan-3-ol alanine (d) 1-bromo-2-methylbutane (e) chlorocyclohexane (f) cis-1,2-dichlorocyclobutane (h) (i) H CH; "H H. H CH, H

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 8, Problem 48P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Index of hydrogen deficiency, double bonds, number of rings of the given reactant, and structures of the given reactant and product are to be determined

Concept introduction:

Hydrogenation with platinum as a catalyst is used to convert unsaturated carbohydrates to saturated hydrocarbons.

Index of hydrogen deficiency is determined by the number of pair of hydrogens required to convert an unsaturated compound into a saturated compound.

Oxidation of alkenes with ozone in the presence of dimethyl sulfide results in the formation of ketones or aldehydes depending on the orientation and position of the double bond.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 8, Problem 48P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Index of hydrogen deficiency, double bonds, number of rings of the given reactant, and structures of the given reactant and product are to be determined

Concept introduction:

Hydrogenation with platinum as a catalyst is used to convert unsaturated carbohydrates to saturated hydrocarbons.

Index of hydrogen deficiency is determined by the number of pair of hydrogens required to convert an unsaturated compound into a saturated compound.

Oxidation of alkenes with ozone in the presence of dimethyl sulfide results in the formation of ketones or aldehydes depending on the orientation and position of the double bond.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 8, Problem 48P

Interpretation Introduction