Problem 1DQ Problem 2DQ Problem 3DQ: Mixing together solutions of acetic acid and sodium hydroxide can make a buffered solution. Explain.... Problem 4DQ: Sketch two pH curves, one for the titration of a weak acid with a strong base, and one for the... Problem 5DQ: Sketch a pH curve for the titration of a weak acid (HA) with a strong base (NaOH). List the major... Problem 6DQ: You have a solution of the weak acid HA and add some HCl to it. What are the major species in the... Problem 7DQ: You have a solution of the weak acid HA and add some of the salt NaA to it. What are the major... Problem 8DQ Problem 9DQ: You are browsing through the Handbook of Hypothetical Chemistry when you come across a solid that is... Problem 10DQ: A friend tells you: "The constant Ksp of a salt is called the solubility product constant and is... Problem 11DQ: What happens to the Ksp value of a solid as the temperature of the solution changes? Consider both... Problem 12DQ: Which is more likely to dissolve in an acidic solution, silver sulfide or silver chloride? Why? Problem 13DQ Problem 14DQ: Under what circumstances can the relative solubilities of two salts be compared by directly... Problem 15E: Define a buffered solution. What makes up a buffered solution? Explain how buffers absorb added H+... Problem 16E: A good buffer generally contains relatively equal concentrations of a weak acid and its conjugate... Problem 17E: How many of the following are buffered solutions? Explain your answer. Note: Counter-ions and water... Problem 18E: Which of the following can be classified as buffer solutions? 0.25MHBr+0.25MHOBr... Problem 19E Problem 20E: Derive an equation analogous to the Henderson— Hasselbalch equation that relates POHandpKb of... Problem 21E: Calculate the pH of each of the following solutions. 0.100M propanoic acid (HC3H5O2,Ka=1.3105)... Problem 22E: Calculate the pH after 0.020 mole of HCl is added to 1.00L of each of the four solutions in Exercise... Problem 23E: Calculate the pH after 0.020 mole of NaOH is added to 1.00L of each of the four solutions in... Problem 24E: The results of Exercises 21-23 illustrate an important property of buffered solutions. Which... Problem 25E: One of the most challenging parts of solving acid—base problems is writing out the correct equation.... Problem 26E: a. Calculate the pH of a buffered solution that is 0.100M in... Problem 27E: Calculate the pH of a solution that is 0.60MHFand1.00MKF. Problem 28E: Calculate the pH of a solution that is 0.100MHONH2and0.100MHONH3C1. Problem 29E: Calculate the pH after 0.10mole of NaOH is added to 1.00L of the solution in Exercise 27, and... Problem 30E: Calculate the pH after 0.020mole of NaOH is added to 1.00L of the solution in Exercise 28, and... Problem 31E: Calculate the pH of a solution that is 0.40M H 2 NNH 2 and0.80M H 2 NNH 3 NO 3 .. In order for this... Problem 32E: Calculate the pH of a solution that is 0.20MHOCland0.90MKOCl. In order for this buffer to have pH=p... Problem 33E: Calculate the pH of a buffered solution prepared by dissolving 21.5g of benzoic acid... Problem 34E: A buffered solution is made by adding 50.0gNH4Clto1.00Lofa0.75M solution of NH3. Calculate the pH of... Problem 35E Problem 36E: How many moles of NaOH must be added to 1.0Lof2.0MHC2H3O2 to produce a solution buffered at each pH?... Problem 37E: Calculate the number of moles of HCl(g) that must be added to 1.0Lof1.0MNaC2H3O2 to produce a... Problem 38E: You make 1.00L of a buffered solution (pH=4.00) by mixing acetic acid and sodium acetate. You have... Problem 39E: Calculate the mass of sodium acetate that must be added to 500.0mLof0.200M acetic acid to form a... Problem 40E: Calculate the pH after 0.010mole of gaseous HCl is added to 250.0mL of each of the following... Problem 41E: An aqueous solution contains dissolved C6H5NH3ClandC6H5NH2. The concentration of... Problem 42E: What volumes of 0.50MHNO2and0.50MNaNO2 must be mixed to prepare 1.00L of a solution buffered at... Problem 43E: Phosphate buffers are important in regulating the pH of intracellular fluids at pH values generally... Problem 44E: Carbonate buffers are important in regulating the pH of blood at 7.40. If the carbonic acid... Problem 45E: When a person exercises, muscle contractions produce lactic acid. Moderate increases in lactic acid... Problem 46E: Which of the following mixtures would result in a buffered solution when 1.0 L of each of the two... Problem 47E: Which of the following mixtures would result in a buffered solution when 1.0L of each of the two... Problem 48E: Calculate the pH of a solution formed by mixing 100.0mLof0.100MNaFand100.0mLof0.025MHCl. Problem 49E: Consider the acids in Table 7.2. Which acid would be the best choice for preparing a pH=7.00 buffer?... Problem 50E: Consider the bases in Table 7.3. Which base would be the best choice for preparing a pH=5.00 buffer?... Problem 51E: A solution contains 1.0106MHOCl and an unknown concentration of KOCl. If the pH of the solutionis... Problem 52E: In Section 8.3 an equation was derived for the exact treatment of HA/NaA-type buffers. What would be... Problem 53E: Consider a weak acid HA with a Ka value of 1.6107. Calculate the pH of a solution that is... Problem 54E: Consider the following pH curves for 100.0mL of two different acids with the same intital... Problem 55E: An acid is titrated with NaOH. The following beakers are illustrations of the contents of the beaker... Problem 56E: Consider the titration of a generic weak acid HA with a strong base that gives the following... Problem 57E: Sketch the titration curve for the titration of a generic weak base B with a strong acid. The... Problem 58E: Draw the general titration curve for a strong acid titrated with a strong base. At the various... Problem 59E: Consider the following four titrations: 100.0mLof0.10MHCl titrated with 0.10MNaOH 100.0mLof0.10MNaOH... Problem 60E: A student titrates an unknown weak acid HA to a pale-pink phenolphthalein endpoint with... Problem 61E: The following plot shows the pH curves for the titrations of various acids with 0.10MNaOH (all of... Problem 62E: The figure in the preceding exercise shows the pH curves for the titrations of six different acids... Problem 63E: Consider the titration of 40.0mLof0.200MHC1O4with0.100MKOH. Calculate the pH of the resulting... Problem 64E Problem 65E Problem 66E Problem 67E Problem 68E Problem 69E Problem 70E Problem 71E: Calculate the pH at the halfway point and at the equivalence point for each of the following... Problem 72E: You have 75.0mLof0.10MHA. After adding 30.0mLof0.10MNaOH, the pHis5.50. What is the Ka value of HA? Problem 73E: A student dissolves 0.0100mole of an unknown weak base in 100.0mL water and titrates the solution... Problem 74E: What is an acid—base indicator? Define the equivalence (stoichiometric) point and the endpoint of a... Problem 75E: Two drops of indicator HIn(Ka=1.0109), where HIn is yellow and In is blue, are placed in... Problem 76E: A certain indicator HIn has a pKa of 3.00 and a color change becomes visible when 7.00 of the... Problem 77E: Estimate the pH of a solution in which bromcresol green is blue and thymol blue is yellow (see Fig.... Problem 78E: A solution has a pHof7.0. What would be the color of the solution if each of the following... Problem 79E: Which of the indicators in Fig. 8.8 could be used for doing the titrations in Exercises 63 and 65? Problem 80E: Which of the indicators in Fig. 8.8 could be used for doing the titrations in Exercises 64 and 66? Problem 81E: Which of the indicators in Fig. 8.8 could be used for doing the titrations in Exercises 67 and 69? Problem 82E: Which of the indicators in Fig. 8.8 could be used for doing the titrations in Exercises 68 and 70? Problem 83E: Methyl red has the following structure: It undergoes a color change from red to yellow as a solution... Problem 84E: Indicators can be used to estimate the pH values of solutions. To determine the pHofa0.01M weak acid... Problem 85E: When a diprotic acid, H2A, is titrated with NaOH, the protons on the diprotic acid are generally... Problem 86E: A student was given a 0.10M solution of an unknown diprotic acid H2A and asked to determine the... Problem 87E Problem 88E: Consider 100.0mLofa0.100M solution of H3A(Ka1=1.5104,Ka2=3.0108,Ka3=5.01012). Calculate the pH of... Problem 89E: A 0.200-g sample of a triprotic acid (molarmass=165.0g/mol) is dissolved in a 50.00-mL aqueous... Problem 90E: Consider the titration of 100.0mLof0.100MH3A (Ka1=5.0104,Ka2=1.0108,Ka3=1.01011) with 0.0500MNaOH.... Problem 91E: The titration of Na2CO3 with HCl has the following qualitative profile: Identify the major species... Problem 92E: Consider 100.0 mL of a solution of 0.200MNa2A, where A2 is a base with corresponding acids... Problem 93E: For which of the following is the Ksp value of the ionic compound the largest? The smallest? Explain... Problem 94E: Ag2S(s) has a larger molar solubility than CuS even though Ag2S has the smaller Ksp value. Explain... Problem 95E: When Na3PO4(aq) is added to a solution containing a metal ion and a precipitate forms, the... Problem 96E: The common ion effect for ionic solids (salts) is to significantly decrease the solubility of the... Problem 97E Problem 98E: Calculate the solubility of each of the following compounds in moles per liter. Ignore any... Problem 99E: Use the following data to calculate the Ksp value for each solid. The solubility of... Problem 100E: The concentration of Pb2+ in a solution saturated with PbBr2(s)is2.14102M. Calculate Ksp for PbBr2. Problem 101E: The concentration of Ag+ in a solution saturated with Ag2C2O4(s)is2.2104M. Calculate KspforAg2C2O4. Problem 102E: The solubility of the ionic compound M2X3, having a molar mass of 288g/mol, is 3.60107g/L. Calculate... Problem 103E: For each of the following pairs of solids, determine which solid has the smallest molar solubility.... Problem 104E: The solubility rules outlined in Chapter 4 say that Ba(OH)2,Sr(OH)2,andCa(OH)2 are marginally... Problem 105E: Calculate the molar solubility of Co(OH)3,Ksp=2.51043. Problem 106E: The Ksp for silver sulfate (Ag2SO4) is 1.2105. Calculate the solubility of silver sulfate in each of... Problem 107E: Calculate the solubility (inmol/L) of Fe(OH)3 (Ksp=41038) in each of the following. water (assume pH... Problem 108E Problem 109E: Calculate the solubility of solid Ca3( PO4)2(Ksp=1.31032) in a 0.20-MNa3PO4 solution. Problem 110E: The solubility of Ce( IO3)3 in a 0.20MKIO3 solution is 4.4108mol/L. Calculate Ksp for Ce( IO3)3. Problem 111E: What mass of ZnS(Ksp=2.51022) will dissolve in 300.0mL of 0.050MZn( NO3)2? Ignore the basic... Problem 112E: The concentration of Mg2+ in seawater is 0.052M. At what pH will 99 of the Mg2+ be precipitated as... Problem 113E: For the substances in Exercises 97and98, which will show increased solubility as the pH of the... Problem 114E: Explain the following phenomenon: You have a test tube with an aqueous solution of silver nitrate as... Problem 115E: For which salt in each of the following groups will the solubility depend on pH? AgF,AgCl,AgBr... Problem 116E: A solution is prepared by mixing 75.0mL of 0.020MBaCl2and125mL of 0.040MK2SO4. What are... Problem 117E: Calculate the final concentrations of K+(aq),C2O42(aq),Ba2+(aq), and Br(aq) in a solution prepared... Problem 118E: A solution is prepared by mixing 50.0mLof0.10M Pb( NO3)2 with 50.0mL of 1.0MKCI. Calculate... Problem 119E: The Ksp of Al(OH)3 is 21032. At what pH will a 0.2MAl3+ solution begin to show precipitation of... Problem 120E: A solution is 1104M in NaF,Na2S, and Na3PO4. What would be the order of precipitation as a source of... Problem 121E: A solution contains 1.0105MNa3PO4. What is the minimum concentration of AgNO3 that would cause... Problem 122E: A solution contains 0.25MNi( NO3)2 and 0.25MCu( NO3)2. Can the metal ions be separated by slowly... Problem 123E: Describe how you could separate the ions in each of the following groups by selective precipitation.... Problem 124E: If a solution contains either Pb2+(aq)orAg+(aq), how can temperature be manipulated to help identify... Problem 125E: Sulfide precipitates are generally grouped as sulfides insoluble in acidic solution and sulfides... Problem 126E: Nanotechnology has become an important field, with applications ranging from high-density data... Problem 127E Problem 128E: As a sodium chloride solution is added to a solution of silver nitrate, a white precipitate forms.... Problem 129E: The overall formation constant for HgI42is1.01030. That is, 1.01030=[HgI42][Hg2+][ I ]4 What is the... Problem 130E: A solution is prepared by adding 0.090mole of K3[Fe(CN)6]to0.60L of2.0MNaCN. Assuming no volume... Problem 131E Problem 132E: Kf for the complex ion Ag( NH3)2+is1.7107. Ksp for AgCl is 1.61010. Calculate the molar solubility... Problem 133E: a. Using the Ksp for Cu(OH)2(1.61019) and the overall formation constant for Cu( NH3)42+ (1.01013)... Problem 134E: The copper(I) ion forms a chloride salt that has Ksp=1.2106. Copper(I) also forms a complex ion with... Problem 135E: Solutions of sodium thiosulfate are used to dissolve unexposed AgBr in the developing process for... Problem 136E: a. Calculate the molar solubility of AgI in pure water. Ksp for AgI is 1.51016. b. Calculate the... Problem 137E: A series of chemicals was added to some AgNO3(aq).NaCl(aq) was added first to the silver nitrate... Problem 138AE: Will a precipitate of Cd(OH)2 form if 1.0mLof1.0M Cd( NO3)2 is added to 1.0Lof5.0MNH3?... Problem 139AE: Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, commonly called TRIS or Trizma, is often used as a buffer in... Problem 140AE: Amino acids are the building blocks for all proteins in our bodies. A structure for the amino acid... Problem 141AE: The solubility of copper(II) hydroxide in water can be increased by adding either the base NH3 or... Problem 142AE: The salts in Table 8.5, with the possible exception of the hydroxide salts, have one of the... Problem 143AE: You have the following reagents on hand: What combinations of reagents would you use to prepare... Problem 144AE Problem 145AE: One method for determining the purity of aspirin (empirical formula C9H8O4) is to hydrolyze it with... Problem 146AE: Another way to treat data from a pH titration is to graph the absolute value of the change in pH per... Problem 147AE: Potassium hydrogen phthalate, known as KHP (molarmass=204.22g/mol), can be obtained in high purity... Problem 148AE: sample of the ionic compound NaA, where A is the anion of a weak acid, was dissolved in enough water... Problem 149AE: What mass of Ca( NO3)2 must be added to 1.0L of a 1.0MHF solution to begin precipitation of CaF2(s)?... Problem 150AE: The equilibrium constant for the following reaction is 1.01023: EDTA is used as a complexing agent... Problem 151AE: Calculate the concentration of Pb2+ in each of the following. a saturated solution of... Problem 152AE: Consider saturated solutions of the following compounds. Mg(OH)2 Cd(OH)2 Pb(OH)2 Calculate the pH of... Problem 153AE: A certain acetic acid solution has pH=2.68 . Calculate the volume of 0.0975MKOH required to... Problem 154AE: Calculate the volume of 1.5010-2MNaOH that must be added to 500.0mL of 0.200MHCI to give a solution... Problem 155AE: A 0.400M solution of ammonia was titrated with hydrochloric acid to the equivalence point, where the... Problem 156AE: A student intends to titrate a solution of a weak monoprotic acid with a sodium hydroxide solution... Problem 157AE: The active ingredient in aspirin is acetylsalicylic acid. A 2.51-g sample of acetylsalicylic acid... Problem 158AE: A solution is formed by mixing 50.0mL of 10.0MNaX with 50.0mL of 2.010-3MCuNO3 . Assume that Cu(I)... Problem 159AE: When phosphoric acid is titrated with a NaOH solution, only two stoichiometric points are seen. Why? Problem 160AE: Consider the following two acids: In two separate experiments, the pH was measured during the... Problem 161AE: Consider 1.0L of a solution that is 0.85MHOC6H5 and 0.80MNaOC6H5 . (KaforHOC6H5=1.610-10.) Calculate... Problem 162AE: What concentration of NH4Cl is necessary to buffer a 0.52-MNH3 solution at pH=9.00?... Problem 163AE: Consider the following acids and bases: HCO2HKa=1.810-4 HOBrKa=2.010-9 (C2H5)2NHKb=1.310-3... Problem 164AE: Consider a buffered solution containing CH3NH3Cl and CH3NH2 . Which of the following statements... Problem 165AE: Consider the titration of 150.0mL of 0.100MHI by 0.250MNaOH . Calculate the pH after 20.0mL of NaOH... Problem 166AE Problem 167AE Problem 168AE Problem 169AE: Assuming that the solubility of Ca3( PO4)2(s) is 1.610-7mol/L at 25C , calculate the Ksp , for this... Problem 170AE: Order the following solids (ad) from least soluble to most soluble. Ignore any potential reactions... Problem 171AE: The Ksp for PbI2(s) is 1.410-8 . Calculate the solubility of PbI2(s) in 0.048MNaI . Problem 172AE Problem 173AE: A 50.0-mL sample of 0.0413MAgNO3(aq) is added to 50.0-mL of 0.100MNaIO3(aq) . Calculate the [Ag+]... Problem 174AE: The Hg2+ ion forms complex ions with I as follows: Hg2+(aq)+I(aq)HgI+(aq)K1=1.0108... Problem 175CP: A buffer is made using 45.0mL of 0.750MHC3H5O2(Ka=1.310-5) and 55.0mL of 0.700MNaC3H5O2 .What volume... Problem 176CP: What volume of 0.0100MNaOH must be added to 1.00L of 0.0500MHOCl to achieve a pH of 8.00 ? Problem 177CP: For solutions containing salts of the form NH4X , the pH is determined by using the equation... Problem 178CP Problem 179CP: The copper(I) ion forms a complex ion with CN according to the following equation:... Problem 180CP: Calcium oxalate (CaC2O4) is relatively insoluble in water (Ksp=2109) . However, calcium oxalate is... Problem 181CP: a. Calculate the molar solubility of SrF2 in water,ignoring the basic properties of F . (For SrF2 ,... Problem 182CP: What is the maximum possible concentration of Ni2+ ion in water at 25C that is saturated with... Problem 183CP Problem 184CP: Consider 1.0L of an aqueous solution that contains 0.10M sulfuric acid to which 0.30mole barium... Problem 185CP: Calculate the solubility of AgCN(s)(Ksp=2.21012) in a solution containing 1.0MH+ . ( Ka for HCN is... Problem 186CP: Consider the titration of 100.0mL of a 1.00104M solution of an acid HA(Ka=5.01010) With... Problem 187CP: Consider a solution formed by mixing 200.0mL of 0.250MNa3PO4 , 135.0mL of 1.000MHCl , and 100.0mL of... Problem 188CP Problem 189CP: Calculate the pH of a solution prepared by mixing 500.0mL of 0.50MNa3PO4 and 500.0mL of 0.10MH2SO4 . Problem 190CP: Consider the titration of 100.0mL of 0.10M phosphoric acid with 0.10MNaOH . Determine the pH at the... Problem 191CP: In the titration of 100.0mL of a 0.0500M solution of acid H3A(Ka1=1.010-3,Ka2=5.0108,Ka3=2.01012) ,... Problem 192CP: Consider the titration curve in Exercise91 for the titration of Na2CO3 with HCl . If a mixture of... Problem 193MP: Consider a solution prepared by mixing the following: 50.0mLof0.100MNa3PO4 100.0mLof0.0500MKOH... Problem 194MP format_list_bulleted