
Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The pH values after the addition of each proportion of the base to the acid is to be determined. The titration curve needs to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
A strong acid or a strong base can completely dissociate into its ions when they are in an aqueous solution. Sodium hydroxide is a strong base while nitric acid is a strong acid. When these two chemical species are reacted with each other, they form their ionic forms and a neutral solution.

Explanation of Solution
Initial pH of the analyte solution;
Nitric acid is a strong acid that completely dissociates in water.
The amount of hydrogen ion will be equal to the concentration of nitric acid thus,
The pH of the solution will be:
Addition of
Total amount of acid to be neutralized
Amount of base added
Therefore, the amount of acid remaining in the solution
The concentration of hydrogen ions
The pH of the solution
Addition of
Total amount of acid to be neutralized
Amount of base added
Therefore, the amount of acid remaining in the solution
The concentration of hydrogen ions
The pH of the solution
Addition of
Total amount of acid to be neutralized
Amount of base added
Therefore, the amount of acid remaining in the solution
The concentration of hydrogen ions
The pH of the solution
Addition of
Total amount of acid to be neutralized
Amount of base added
Therefore, the amount of acid remaining in the solution
The concentration of hydrogen ions
The pH of the solution
Addition of
Total amount of acid to be neutralized
Amount of base added
Therefore, the amount of acid remaining in the solution
The concentration of hydrogen ions
The pH of the solution
Addition of
Total amount of acid to be neutralized
Amount of base added
Therefore, the amount of acid remaining in the solution
The concentration of hydrogen ions
The pH of the solution
Addition of
Total amount of acid to be neutralized
Amount of base added
Therefore, the amount of acid remaining in the solution
The concentration of hydrogen ions
The pH of the solution
Addition of
Total amount of acid to be neutralized
Amount of base added
Therefore, the amount of acid remaining in the solution will be:
Since, both acid and base completely react to form salt and water, the pH of the solution
Addition of
Total amount of acid to be neutralized
Amount of base added
Therefore, the amount of excess base in the solution
The concentration of hydroxide ions
Thenthe pH of the solution can be calculated as follows:
Addition of
Total amount of acid to be neutralized
Amount of base added
Therefore, the amount of excess base in the solution
The concentration of hydroxide ions
Then the pH of the solution can be calculated as follows:
The data obtained from the calculations is as follows:
Volume of base added (mL) | pH |
0.0 | 1 |
4.0 | 1.14 |
8.0 | 1.28 |
12.5 | 1.47 |
20.0 | 1.95 |
24.0 | 2.69 |
24.5 | 2.99 |
24.9 | 3.69 |
25.0 | 7.0 |
28.0 | 11.75 |
30.0 | 11.95 |
The titration curve can be drawn as follows:
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Chapter 8 Solutions
EBK CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES
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