Chapter 7.3, Problem 1NV

Summary Introduction

To write:

The given terms under appropriate headings that best describe them.

Introduction:

Eukaryotic cells contain organelles that allow the specialization and separation of functions within the cell. The plasma membrane functions as a boundary between the inside and outside environments.

Answer to Problem 1NV

Cell structure (5)	Related to genetic material (2)	Food, Storage, and Waste (5)	Energy (2)
Cell wall	Nucleolus	Cytoplasm	Chloroplast
Cilium	Ribosome	Endoplasmic reticulum	Mitochondrion
Cytoskeleton		Golgi apparatus
Flagellum		Lysosome
Centriole		Vacuole

Explanation of Solution

Cell wall- It is a rigid wall outside the plasma membrane for additional support and protection. It gives support to a plant cell.

Cytoskeleton- It is a supporting network of long, thin protein fibers that form a framework for the cell and provide an anchor for the organelles inside the cells. It is made up of substructures called microtubules and microfilaments.

Nucleolus- It produces ribosomes inside the nucleus.

Ribosome- It helps in the synthesis of proteins according to the DNA directions. they are made of RNA and proteins and are not membrane bound.

Cytoplasm - Inside the plasma membrane of a cell is a semi fluid material called cytoplasm. In a prokaryotic cell, all the chemical processes of the cell take place directly in the cytoplasm. In a eukaryotic cell, these processes occur within organelles that are present in the cytoplasm.

Endoplasmic reticulum - It is a series of tightly folded membranes floating in the cytoplasm. It is a site for ribosome attachment and can be smooth or rough depending on whether ribosomes are not attached or attached to its surface. It is a site of cellular chemical reactions.

Golgi apparatus - It modifies sorts, and packages proteins into structures called vesicles for transport outside the cell.

Lysosome - It is a vesicle that contains substances that digest excess or worn out organelles. They contain digestive enzymes.

Chloroplast - It is a plant organelle that traps sunlight and converts it to chemical energy. It is a plastid that contains green pigment chlorophyll. It also stores energy in the form of sugar molecules.

Mitochondrion - It is found in both plants and animals and converts energy stored in food to a form that can be readily used by cells.

Vacuole - It is a membrane bound storage compartment in a cell. Vacuoles store food and enzymes. They may even store wastes until they can be removed from the cell.

Centriole - It is a structure located near the nucleus that functions during cell division.

Cilium - It is a hair like projection made of microtubules. It helps the cell to move and feed. Cilia have wave like motion. A cell has many cilia.

Flagellum- It is a kind of projection that allows the cell to move or to move substances along the surface of the cell. It has a whip like motion. A cell has one or two flagella.