The trend in the bond angles around nitrogen atom in NH 3 , N ( CH 3 ) 3 , N ( SiH 3 ) 3 and N ( GeH 3 ) 3 has to be explained. Concept Introduction: Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy. Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations is mentioned below, T y p e o f m o l e c u l e H y b r i d a i z a t i o n A t o m i c o r b i t a l s u s e d f o r h y b r i d a i z a t i o n G e o m e t r y A X 2 s p 1 s + 1 p L i n e a r A X 3 , A X 2 B s p 2 1 s + 2 p T r i g o n a l p l a n a r A X 4 , A X 3 B , A X 2 B 2 s p 3 1 s + 3 p T e t r a h e d r a l A X 5 , A X 4 B , A X 3 B 2 , A X 2 B 3 s p 3 d 1 s + 3 p + 1 d T r i g o n a l b i p y r a m i d a l A X 6 , A X 5 B , A X 4 B 2 s p 3 d 2 1 s + 3 p + 2 d O c t a h e d r a l A → C e n t r a l a t o m X → A t o m s b o n d e d t o A B → N o n b o n d i n g e l e c t r o n p a i r s o n A

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Chapter 7, Problem 109QRT

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The trend in the bond angles around nitrogen atom in NH3,N(CH3)3, N(SiH3)3 and N(GeH3)3 has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.

Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations is mentioned below,

Type of moleculeHybridaization Atomic orbitals used for hybridaization GeometryAX2sp1s+1pLinearAX3,AX2Bsp21s+2pTrigonal planarAX4,AX3B,AX2B2sp31s+3pTetrahedralAX5,AX4B,AX3B2,AX2B3sp3d1s+3p+1dTrigonal bipyramidalAX6,AX5B,AX4B2sp3d21s+3p+2dOctahedralA → Central atomX → Atoms bonded to AB → Non bonding electron pairs on A

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