Space Shuttle launch The mass of the Space Shuttle at launch was about 2 .1 × 10 6 kg . Much of this mass was the fuel used to move the orbiter, which carried the astronauts and various items in the shuttle’s payload. The Space Shuttle generally traveled from 3 .2 × 10 5 m (200 mi) to 6 .2 × 10 5 m (385 mi) above Earth’s surface. The shuttle’s two solid fuel boosters (the cylinders on the sides of the shuttle) provided 71.4% of the thrust during liftoff and the first stage of ascent before being released from the shuttle 132 s after launch at 48,000 m above sea level. The boosters continued moving up in free fall to an altitude of approximately 70,000 m and then fell toward the ocean to be recovered 230 km from the launch site. The shuttle’s five engines together provided 3 .46 × 10 7 N of thrust during liftoff. Which number below is closest to the average vertical acceleration of the shuttle during the first 132 s of its flight? a . 3 .3 m/s 2 b . 5 .5 m/s 2 c . 9 .8 m/s 2 d . 14 m/s 2 e . 360 m/s 2
Space Shuttle launch The mass of the Space Shuttle at launch was about 2 .1 × 10 6 kg . Much of this mass was the fuel used to move the orbiter, which carried the astronauts and various items in the shuttle’s payload. The Space Shuttle generally traveled from 3 .2 × 10 5 m (200 mi) to 6 .2 × 10 5 m (385 mi) above Earth’s surface. The shuttle’s two solid fuel boosters (the cylinders on the sides of the shuttle) provided 71.4% of the thrust during liftoff and the first stage of ascent before being released from the shuttle 132 s after launch at 48,000 m above sea level. The boosters continued moving up in free fall to an altitude of approximately 70,000 m and then fell toward the ocean to be recovered 230 km from the launch site. The shuttle’s five engines together provided 3 .46 × 10 7 N of thrust during liftoff. Which number below is closest to the average vertical acceleration of the shuttle during the first 132 s of its flight? a . 3 .3 m/s 2 b . 5 .5 m/s 2 c . 9 .8 m/s 2 d . 14 m/s 2 e . 360 m/s 2
Space Shuttle launch The mass of the Space Shuttle at launch was about
2
.1
×
10
6
kg
. Much of this mass was the fuel used to move the orbiter, which carried the astronauts and various items in the shuttle’s payload. The Space Shuttle generally traveled from
3
.2
×
10
5
m
(200 mi) to
6
.2
×
10
5
m
(385 mi) above Earth’s surface. The shuttle’s two solid fuel boosters (the cylinders on the sides of the shuttle) provided 71.4% of the thrust during liftoff and the first stage of ascent before being released from the shuttle 132 s after launch at 48,000 m above sea level. The boosters continued moving up in free fall to an altitude of approximately 70,000 m and then fell toward the ocean to be recovered 230 km from the launch site. The shuttle’s five engines together provided
3
.46
×
10
7
N
of thrust during liftoff.
Which number below is closest to the average vertical acceleration of the shuttle during the first 132 s of its flight?
a
. 3
.3 m/s
2
b
. 5
.5 m/s
2
c
. 9
.8 m/s
2
d
. 14 m/s
2
e
. 360 m/s
2
EXCEL Spring Problem:
An experiment is conducted to determine the value of a spring constant. Objects of varied mass are suspended from the spring and the spring deflections are measured. The results are as follows:
Mass, m (kg)
Deflection, x (mm)
5.3
15
7.1
22
10.2
31
12
38
15.4
45
Use EXCEL to determine the spring constant, k, in N/m.
Impact extinction 65 million years ago over 50% of all species became extinct, ending the reign of dinosaurs and opening the way for mammals to become the dominant land vertebrates. A theory for this extinction, with considerable supporting evidence, is that a 10-km-wide 1.8×1015kg asteroid traveling at speed 11 km/s crashed into Earth.
A) Determine the change in velocity of Earth due to the impact. Mass of Earth is 5.98×1024kg.
B) Determine the average force that Earth exerted on the asteroid while stopping it. Assume that stopping distance is 0.60 km (depth of the crater created)
C) Determine the internal energy produced by the collision (a bar chart for the process might help). By comparison, the atomic bombs dropped on Japan during World War II were each equivalent to 15,000 tons of TNT (1 ton of TNT releases 4.2×109J of energy).
Center of Mass.
c) The mass of the Sun is 2x1030 kg. The distance between the Earth and the Sun is 1.5x108 km.
How does the distance between the CM of this system compare to the Sun’s radius of 700,000 km?
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