ACHIEVE/CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES ACCESS 2TERM
ACHIEVE/CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES ACCESS 2TERM
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781319403959
Author: ATKINS
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
bartleby

Concept explainers

bartleby

Videos

Question
Book Icon
Chapter 6, Problem 6G.11E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The pH of the resulting solution after addition of base and the change in pH has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Henderson – Hasselbalch equation:

The pH of a buffer can be easily calculated by using Henderson – Hasselbalch equation as given below.

  pH=pKa+log[base]initial[acid]initial

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

Given that, the 100mL buffer contains 0.100MNaCH3CO2(aq) and 0.100MCH3COOH(aq).

By using Henderson – Hasselbalch equation, the initial pH of the above buffer solution can be calculated.

  pH=pKa+log[base]initial[acid]initialpH=log(Ka)+log[base]initial[acid]initial=log(1.8×105)+log0.100M0.100M=4.75

The addition of a base will react with the weak acid and thus decreases the concentration of weak acid and increases the concentration of conjugate base.

The proton transfer equilibrium is given below.

  CH3COOH(aq)+H2O(l)H3O+(aq)+CH3CO2(aq)Ka=[H3O+][CH3CO2][CH3COOH]=1.8×105

The reaction of added base with some of CH3COOH is given below.

  CH3COOH(aq)+OH(aq)CH3CO2(aq)+H2O(l)

The initial number of moles of acid can be calculated as shown below.

  n(CH3COOH)initial=0.100L×0.100mol.L1=0.01mol

The number of moles of added base can be calculated as shown below.

  n(NaOH)initial=0.01L×0.950mol.L1=0.0095mol

The molar ratio of acid and added base in the above equation is 1:1.  The number of reacted moles of acid after addition of 0.0095molofNaOH can be calculated as given below.

  n(CH3COOH)reacts=0.0095molOH×1molCH3COOH1molOH=0.0095molCH3COOH

Now, the remaining amount of acid can be estimated.

  nfinal=ninitialnreacts=0.010.0095=0.0005mol[CH3COOH]=MolesVolume=0.0005mol(0.100+0.01)L=4.54×103M

The new concentration of conjugate base can be calculated as shown below.

  n(CH3COO)initial=0.100L×0.100mol.L1=0.01moln(CH3COO)final=0.01mol+0.0095mol=0.0195mol[CH3COO]=MolesVolume=0.0195mol(0.100+0.01)L=0.177M

Now, the pH of the buffer solution can be calculated as given below.

  pH=pKa+log[base]initial[acid]initialpH=log(Ka)+log[base]initial[acid]initial=log(1.8×105)+log0.177M4.54×103M=4.75+1.59=6.34ChangeinpH=Finalinitial=6.344.75=1.59

Therefore, the pH of the resulting solution and the change in pH is 6.34and1.59 respectively.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The pH of the resulting solution after addition of acid and the change in pH has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

Given that, the 100mL buffer contains 0.100MNaCH3CO2(aq) and 0.100MCH3COOH(aq).

By using Henderson – Hasselbalch equation, the initial pH of the above buffer solution can be calculated.

  pH=pKa+log[base]initial[acid]initialpH=log(Ka)+log[base]initial[acid]initial=log(1.8×105)+log0.100M0.100M=4.75

The addition of a strong acid will react with the conjugate base and thus decreases the concentration of conjugate base and increases the concentration of weak acid.

The proton transfer equilibrium is given below.

  CH3COOH(aq)+H2O(l)H3O+(aq)+CH3CO2(aq)Ka=[H3O+][CH3CO2][CH3COOH]=1.8×105

The reaction of added acid with some of CH3COO is given below.

  CH3COO(aq)+H+(aq)CH3CO2H(aq)

The initial number of moles of acid can be calculated as shown below.

  n(CH3COOH)initial=0.100L×0.100mol.L1=0.01mol

The number of moles of added acid can be calculated as shown below.

  n(HNO3)initial=0.02L×0.10mol.L1=0.002mol

The new concentration of weak acid can be calculated as shown below.

  n(CH3COOH)final=0.01mol+0.002mol=0.012mol[CH3COOH]=MolesVolume=0.012mol(0.100+0.02)L=0.1M

The molar ratio of conjugate base and added acid is 1:1.  The number of reacted moles of conjugate base after addition of 0.002molofHNO3 can be calculated as given below.

  n(CH3COO)reacts=0.002molH+×1molCH3COO1molH+=0.002molCH3COO

Now, the remaining amount of conjugate base can be estimated.

  n(CH3COO)initial=0.100M×0.100L=0.01molnfinal=ninitialnreacts=0.010.002=0.008mol[CH3COO]=MolesVolume=0.008mol(0.100+0.02)L=0.066M

Now, the pH of the buffer solution can be calculated as given below.

  pH=pKa+log[base]initial[acid]initialpH=log(Ka)+log[base]initial[acid]initial=log(1.8×105)+log0.066M0.1M=4.58ChangeinpH=Finalinitial=4.584.75=-0.17(adecreaseof0.17)

Therefore, the pH of the resulting solution and the change in pH is 4.58and-0.17 respectively.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!
Students have asked these similar questions
Predict the major products of the following organic reaction: NC Δ ? Some important Notes: • Draw the major product, or products, of the reaction in the drawing area below. • If there aren't any products, because no reaction will take place, check the box below the drawing area instead. • Be sure to draw bonds carefully to show important geometric relationships between substituents. Note: if your answer contains a complicated ring structure, you must use one of the molecular fragment stamps (available in the menu at right) to enter the ring structure. You can add any substituents using the pencil tool in the usual way. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Х а
Predict the major products of this organic reaction. Be sure you use dash and wedge bonds to show stereochemistry where it's important. + ☑ OH 1. TsCl, py .... 文 P 2. t-BuO K Click and drag to start drawing a structure.
Consider this organic reaction: ( Draw the major products of the reaction in the drawing area below. If there won't be any major products, because this reaction won't happen at a significant rate, check the box under the drawing area instead. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Х : а ค 1

Chapter 6 Solutions

ACHIEVE/CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES ACCESS 2TERM

Ch. 6 - Prob. 6A.5ECh. 6 - Prob. 6A.6ECh. 6 - Prob. 6A.7ECh. 6 - Prob. 6A.8ECh. 6 - Prob. 6A.9ECh. 6 - Prob. 6A.10ECh. 6 - Prob. 6A.11ECh. 6 - Prob. 6A.12ECh. 6 - Prob. 6A.13ECh. 6 - Prob. 6A.14ECh. 6 - Prob. 6A.15ECh. 6 - Prob. 6A.16ECh. 6 - Prob. 6A.17ECh. 6 - Prob. 6A.18ECh. 6 - Prob. 6A.19ECh. 6 - Prob. 6A.20ECh. 6 - Prob. 6A.21ECh. 6 - Prob. 6A.22ECh. 6 - Prob. 6A.23ECh. 6 - Prob. 6A.24ECh. 6 - Prob. 6B.1ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6B.1BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6B.2ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6B.2BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6B.3ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6B.3BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6B.1ECh. 6 - Prob. 6B.2ECh. 6 - Prob. 6B.3ECh. 6 - Prob. 6B.4ECh. 6 - Prob. 6B.5ECh. 6 - Prob. 6B.6ECh. 6 - Prob. 6B.7ECh. 6 - Prob. 6B.8ECh. 6 - Prob. 6B.9ECh. 6 - Prob. 6B.10ECh. 6 - Prob. 6B.11ECh. 6 - Prob. 6B.12ECh. 6 - Prob. 6C.1ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6C.1BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6C.2ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6C.2BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6C.3ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6C.3BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6C.1ECh. 6 - Prob. 6C.2ECh. 6 - Prob. 6C.3ECh. 6 - Prob. 6C.4ECh. 6 - Prob. 6C.5ECh. 6 - Prob. 6C.6ECh. 6 - Prob. 6C.7ECh. 6 - Prob. 6C.8ECh. 6 - Prob. 6C.9ECh. 6 - Prob. 6C.10ECh. 6 - Prob. 6C.11ECh. 6 - Prob. 6C.12ECh. 6 - Prob. 6C.13ECh. 6 - Prob. 6C.14ECh. 6 - Prob. 6C.15ECh. 6 - Prob. 6C.16ECh. 6 - Prob. 6C.17ECh. 6 - Prob. 6C.18ECh. 6 - Prob. 6C.19ECh. 6 - Prob. 6C.20ECh. 6 - Prob. 6C.21ECh. 6 - Prob. 6C.22ECh. 6 - Prob. 6D.1ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6D.1BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6D.2ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6D.2BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6D.3ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6D.3BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6D.4ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6D.4BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6D.5ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6D.5BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6D.6ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6D.6BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6D.1ECh. 6 - Prob. 6D.2ECh. 6 - Prob. 6D.3ECh. 6 - Prob. 6D.4ECh. 6 - Prob. 6D.5ECh. 6 - Prob. 6D.6ECh. 6 - Prob. 6D.7ECh. 6 - Prob. 6D.8ECh. 6 - Prob. 6D.9ECh. 6 - Prob. 6D.11ECh. 6 - Prob. 6D.12ECh. 6 - Prob. 6D.13ECh. 6 - Prob. 6D.14ECh. 6 - Prob. 6D.15ECh. 6 - Prob. 6D.16ECh. 6 - Prob. 6D.17ECh. 6 - Prob. 6D.18ECh. 6 - Prob. 6D.19ECh. 6 - Prob. 6D.20ECh. 6 - Prob. 6D.21ECh. 6 - Prob. 6D.22ECh. 6 - Prob. 6E.1ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6E.1BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6E.2ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6E.2BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6E.3ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6E.1ECh. 6 - Prob. 6E.2ECh. 6 - Prob. 6E.3ECh. 6 - Prob. 6E.4ECh. 6 - Prob. 6E.5ECh. 6 - Prob. 6E.6ECh. 6 - Prob. 6E.7ECh. 6 - Prob. 6E.8ECh. 6 - Prob. 6E.9ECh. 6 - Prob. 6E.10ECh. 6 - Prob. 6E.11ECh. 6 - Prob. 6E.12ECh. 6 - Prob. 6E.13ECh. 6 - Prob. 6E.14ECh. 6 - Prob. 6E.15ECh. 6 - Prob. 6E.16ECh. 6 - Prob. 6E.17ECh. 6 - Prob. 6E.18ECh. 6 - Prob. 6F.1ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6F.1BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6F.2ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6F.2BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6F.1ECh. 6 - Prob. 6F.2ECh. 6 - Prob. 6F.3ECh. 6 - Prob. 6F.4ECh. 6 - Prob. 6F.5ECh. 6 - Prob. 6F.6ECh. 6 - Prob. 6F.7ECh. 6 - Prob. 6F.9ECh. 6 - Prob. 6F.10ECh. 6 - Prob. 6G.1ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6G.1BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6G.2ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6G.2BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6G.3ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6G.3BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6G.4ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6G.4BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6G.1ECh. 6 - Prob. 6G.3ECh. 6 - Prob. 6G.4ECh. 6 - Prob. 6G.5ECh. 6 - Prob. 6G.6ECh. 6 - Prob. 6G.7ECh. 6 - Prob. 6G.8ECh. 6 - Prob. 6G.9ECh. 6 - Prob. 6G.11ECh. 6 - Prob. 6G.12ECh. 6 - Prob. 6G.13ECh. 6 - Prob. 6G.14ECh. 6 - Prob. 6G.15ECh. 6 - Prob. 6G.16ECh. 6 - Prob. 6G.19ECh. 6 - Prob. 6G.20ECh. 6 - Prob. 6H.1ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6H.1BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6H.2ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6H.2BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6H.3ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6H.3BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6H.4ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6H.4BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6H.5ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6H.5BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6H.1ECh. 6 - Prob. 6H.3ECh. 6 - Prob. 6H.9ECh. 6 - Prob. 6H.10ECh. 6 - Prob. 6H.15ECh. 6 - Prob. 6H.16ECh. 6 - Prob. 6H.21ECh. 6 - Prob. 6H.22ECh. 6 - Prob. 6H.23ECh. 6 - Prob. 6H.24ECh. 6 - Prob. 6H.25ECh. 6 - Prob. 6H.26ECh. 6 - Prob. 6H.27ECh. 6 - Prob. 6H.28ECh. 6 - Prob. 6H.29ECh. 6 - Prob. 6H.30ECh. 6 - Prob. 6H.31ECh. 6 - Prob. 6H.32ECh. 6 - Prob. 6I.1ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6I.1BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6I.2ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6I.2BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6I.3ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6I.3BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6I.4ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6I.4BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6I.1ECh. 6 - Prob. 6I.2ECh. 6 - Prob. 6I.3ECh. 6 - Prob. 6I.4ECh. 6 - Prob. 6I.5ECh. 6 - Prob. 6I.6ECh. 6 - Prob. 6I.7ECh. 6 - Prob. 6I.8ECh. 6 - Prob. 6I.9ECh. 6 - Prob. 6I.10ECh. 6 - Prob. 6I.11ECh. 6 - Prob. 6I.12ECh. 6 - Prob. 6J.1ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6J.1BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6J.2ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6J.2BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6J.1ECh. 6 - Prob. 6J.2ECh. 6 - Prob. 6J.3ECh. 6 - Prob. 6J.4ECh. 6 - Prob. 6J.9ECh. 6 - Prob. 6J.10ECh. 6 - Prob. 6J.11ECh. 6 - Prob. 6J.15ECh. 6 - Prob. 6J.17ECh. 6 - Prob. 6K.1ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6K.1BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6K.2ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6K.2BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6K.1ECh. 6 - Prob. 6K.2ECh. 6 - Prob. 6K.3ECh. 6 - Prob. 6K.4ECh. 6 - Prob. 6K.5ECh. 6 - Prob. 6K.6ECh. 6 - Prob. 6K.7ECh. 6 - Prob. 6K.8ECh. 6 - Prob. 6L.1ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6L.1BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6L.2ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6L.2BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6L.3ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6L.3BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6L.1ECh. 6 - Prob. 6L.2ECh. 6 - Prob. 6L.3ECh. 6 - Prob. 6L.4ECh. 6 - Prob. 6L.5ECh. 6 - Prob. 6L.7ECh. 6 - Prob. 6L.9ECh. 6 - Prob. 6M.1ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6M.1BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6M.2ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6M.2BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6M.3ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6M.3BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6M.4ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6M.4BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6M.1ECh. 6 - Prob. 6M.2ECh. 6 - Prob. 6M.9ECh. 6 - Prob. 6M.10ECh. 6 - Prob. 6N.1ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6N.1BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6N.2ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6N.2BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6N.3BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6N.4ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6N.4BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6N.1ECh. 6 - Prob. 6N.2ECh. 6 - Prob. 6N.5ECh. 6 - Prob. 6N.6ECh. 6 - Prob. 6N.7ECh. 6 - Prob. 6N.9ECh. 6 - Prob. 6N.10ECh. 6 - Prob. 6N.11ECh. 6 - Prob. 6N.12ECh. 6 - Prob. 6N.21ECh. 6 - Prob. 6N.23ECh. 6 - Prob. 6O.1ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6O.1BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6O.2ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6O.2BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6O.3ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6O.3BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6O.4ASTCh. 6 - Prob. 6O.4BSTCh. 6 - Prob. 6O.1ECh. 6 - Prob. 6O.2ECh. 6 - Prob. 6O.3ECh. 6 - Prob. 6O.4ECh. 6 - Prob. 6O.5ECh. 6 - Prob. 6O.6ECh. 6 - Prob. 6O.7ECh. 6 - Prob. 6O.8ECh. 6 - Prob. 6O.9ECh. 6 - Prob. 6O.10ECh. 6 - Prob. 6O.11ECh. 6 - Prob. 6O.12ECh. 6 - Prob. 6O.13ECh. 6 - Prob. 6O.14ECh. 6 - Prob. 6O.15ECh. 6 - Prob. 6O.16ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.1ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.3ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.4ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.5ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.6ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.8ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.9ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.10ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.11ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.12ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.13ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.14ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.25ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.40ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.41ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.43ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.45ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.46ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.47ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.51ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.53ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.65ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.75ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.77E
Knowledge Booster
Background pattern image
Chemistry
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Similar questions
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Text book image
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399074
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Electrolysis; Author: Tyler DeWitt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRtSjJCKkIo;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY