(a) Interpretation: It is to be explained how the pKa value of phenol decreases when the nitro group is attached to the phenol ring at ortho, meta, and para position. Concept introduction: The pKa value decreases with an increase in the strength of an acid. The acid whose conjugate base is most stable is the stronger acid. The adjacent electron withdrawing group delocalizes the negative charge on the conjugate base and stabilizes it through the resonance effect. Greater the resonance stabilization, stronger is the acid. The electronegative atom adjacent to the negatively charged atom also stabilizes the conjugate base through inductive effect. The effect of resonance stabilization is greater than the inductive effect.

Question

Want to see the full answer?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 6.76P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

It is to be explained how the pKa value of phenol decreases when the nitro group is attached to the phenol ring at ortho, meta, and para position.

Concept introduction:

The pKa value decreases with an increase in the strength of an acid. The acid whose conjugate base is most stable is the stronger acid. The adjacent electron withdrawing group delocalizes the negative charge on the conjugate base and stabilizes it through the resonance effect. Greater the resonance stabilization, stronger is the acid. The electronegative atom adjacent to the negatively charged atom also stabilizes the conjugate base through inductive effect. The effect of resonance stabilization is greater than the inductive effect.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

It is to be explained how the meta isomer of nitro phenol has the highest pKa value than ortho and para isomer.

Concept introduction:

Greater the resonance stabilization of the conjugate base, stronger is the acid. The electron withdrawing group withdraws electron from ortho and para position effectively than from the meta position by resonance effect. Thus, the electron density at ortho and para positions is reduced than that at meta.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Students have asked these similar questions

A block of zinc has an initial temperature of 94.2 degrees celcius and is immererd in 105 g of water at 21.90 degrees celcius. At thermal equilibrium, the final temperature is 25.20 degrees celcius. What is the mass of the zinc block? Cs(Zn) = 0.390 J/gxdegrees celcius Cs(H2O) = 4.18 J/gx degrees celcus

Potential Energy (kJ) 1. Consider these three reactions as the elementary steps in the mechanism for a chemical reaction. AH = -950 kJ AH = 575 kJ (i) Cl₂ (g) + Pt (s) 2C1 (g) + Pt (s) Ea = 1550 kJ (ii) Cl (g)+ CO (g) + Pt (s) → CICO (g) + Pt (s) (iii) Cl (g) + CICO (g) → Cl₂CO (g) Ea = 2240 kJ Ea = 2350 kJ AH = -825 kJ 2600 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 a. Draw the potential energy diagram for the reaction. Label the data points for clarity. The potential energy of the reactants is 600 kJ 800 600 400 200 0 -200- -400 -600- -800- Reaction Progress

Can u help me figure out the reaction mechanisms for these, idk where to even start

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 6.76P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

It is to be explained how the pKa value of phenol decreases when the nitro group is attached to the phenol ring at ortho, meta, and para position.

Concept introduction:

The pKa value decreases with an increase in the strength of an acid. The acid whose conjugate base is most stable is the stronger acid. The adjacent electron withdrawing group delocalizes the negative charge on the conjugate base and stabilizes it through the resonance effect. Greater the resonance stabilization, stronger is the acid. The electronegative atom adjacent to the negatively charged atom also stabilizes the conjugate base through inductive effect. The effect of resonance stabilization is greater than the inductive effect.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

It is to be explained how the meta isomer of nitro phenol has the highest pKa value than ortho and para isomer.

Concept introduction:

Greater the resonance stabilization of the conjugate base, stronger is the acid. The electron withdrawing group withdraws electron from ortho and para position effectively than from the meta position by resonance effect. Thus, the electron density at ortho and para positions is reduced than that at meta.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 6.76P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

It is to be explained how the pKa value of phenol decreases when the nitro group is attached to the phenol ring at ortho, meta, and para position.

Concept introduction:

The pKa value decreases with an increase in the strength of an acid. The acid whose conjugate base is most stable is the stronger acid. The adjacent electron withdrawing group delocalizes the negative charge on the conjugate base and stabilizes it through the resonance effect. Greater the resonance stabilization, stronger is the acid. The electronegative atom adjacent to the negatively charged atom also stabilizes the conjugate base through inductive effect. The effect of resonance stabilization is greater than the inductive effect.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

It is to be explained how the meta isomer of nitro phenol has the highest pKa value than ortho and para isomer.

Concept introduction:

Greater the resonance stabilization of the conjugate base, stronger is the acid. The electron withdrawing group withdraws electron from ortho and para position effectively than from the meta position by resonance effect. Thus, the electron density at ortho and para positions is reduced than that at meta.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 6.76P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

It is to be explained how the pKa value of phenol decreases when the nitro group is attached to the phenol ring at ortho, meta, and para position.

Concept introduction:

The pKa value decreases with an increase in the strength of an acid. The acid whose conjugate base is most stable is the stronger acid. The adjacent electron withdrawing group delocalizes the negative charge on the conjugate base and stabilizes it through the resonance effect. Greater the resonance stabilization, stronger is the acid. The electronegative atom adjacent to the negatively charged atom also stabilizes the conjugate base through inductive effect. The effect of resonance stabilization is greater than the inductive effect.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

It is to be explained how the meta isomer of nitro phenol has the highest pKa value than ortho and para isomer.

Concept introduction:

Greater the resonance stabilization of the conjugate base, stronger is the acid. The electron withdrawing group withdraws electron from ortho and para position effectively than from the meta position by resonance effect. Thus, the electron density at ortho and para positions is reduced than that at meta.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 6, Problem 6.76P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

It is to be explained how the pKa value of phenol decreases when the nitro group is attached to the phenol ring at ortho, meta, and para position.

Concept introduction:

The pKa value decreases with an increase in the strength of an acid. The acid whose conjugate base is most stable is the stronger acid. The adjacent electron withdrawing group delocalizes the negative charge on the conjugate base and stabilizes it through the resonance effect. Greater the resonance stabilization, stronger is the acid. The electronegative atom adjacent to the negatively charged atom also stabilizes the conjugate base through inductive effect. The effect of resonance stabilization is greater than the inductive effect.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

It is to be explained how the meta isomer of nitro phenol has the highest pKa value than ortho and para isomer.

Concept introduction:

Greater the resonance stabilization of the conjugate base, stronger is the acid. The electron withdrawing group withdraws electron from ortho and para position effectively than from the meta position by resonance effect. Thus, the electron density at ortho and para positions is reduced than that at meta.

Answer 6

Chapter 6, Problem 6.76P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

It is to be explained how the pKa value of phenol decreases when the nitro group is attached to the phenol ring at ortho, meta, and para position.

Concept introduction:

The pKa value decreases with an increase in the strength of an acid. The acid whose conjugate base is most stable is the stronger acid. The adjacent electron withdrawing group delocalizes the negative charge on the conjugate base and stabilizes it through the resonance effect. Greater the resonance stabilization, stronger is the acid. The electronegative atom adjacent to the negatively charged atom also stabilizes the conjugate base through inductive effect. The effect of resonance stabilization is greater than the inductive effect.

Answer 7

Chapter 6, Problem 6.76P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

It is to be explained how the pKa value of phenol decreases when the nitro group is attached to the phenol ring at ortho, meta, and para position.

Concept introduction:

The pKa value decreases with an increase in the strength of an acid. The acid whose conjugate base is most stable is the stronger acid. The adjacent electron withdrawing group delocalizes the negative charge on the conjugate base and stabilizes it through the resonance effect. Greater the resonance stabilization, stronger is the acid. The electronegative atom adjacent to the negatively charged atom also stabilizes the conjugate base through inductive effect. The effect of resonance stabilization is greater than the inductive effect.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

It is to be explained how the meta isomer of nitro phenol has the highest pKa value than ortho and para isomer.

Concept introduction:

Greater the resonance stabilization of the conjugate base, stronger is the acid. The electron withdrawing group withdraws electron from ortho and para position effectively than from the meta position by resonance effect. Thus, the electron density at ortho and para positions is reduced than that at meta.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

It is to be explained how the meta isomer of nitro phenol has the highest pKa value than ortho and para isomer.

Concept introduction:

Greater the resonance stabilization of the conjugate base, stronger is the acid. The electron withdrawing group withdraws electron from ortho and para position effectively than from the meta position by resonance effect. Thus, the electron density at ortho and para positions is reduced than that at meta.

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 12

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 13

Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.1P Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.2P Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.3P Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.4P Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.5P Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.6P Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.7P Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.8P Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.9P Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains how the pKa value of phenol decreases with an increase in the strength of an acid.

Concept explainers

Videos

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 6 Solutions