Physical Chemistry
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781133958437
Author: Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, Tomas
Publisher: Wadsworth Cengage Learning,
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 6, Problem 6.65E
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Each line in the phase diagram, in terms of the derivative it represents, is to be labeled.
Concept introduction:
Phase diagram represents the different physical states of a substance at different values of temperature and pressure. In the water, the molar volume of solid is greater than the molar volume of the liquid.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
The following table gives several important points on the
pressure-temperature diagram of ammonia:
P (atm)
T (K)
Triple point
0.05997
195.42
Critical point
111.5
405.38
Normal boiling point
1.0
239.8
Normal melting point
1.0
195.45
(a) Consider a substance where the intermolecular forces hold the molecules in fixed rigid positions. What is the process called when enough heat has been added to the substance so that the molecules begin to flow? (b) Consider a substance where the intermolecular forces hold the molecules in close contact with each other, but the molecules can flow. What is the process called when enough heat has been added to the substance so that the molecules escape each other? (c) Consider a substance where the intermolecular forces hold the molecules in fixed rigid positions. What is the process called when enough heat has been added to the substance so that the molecules can escape each other?
The phase diagram for a pure substance is shown above. Use this diagram and your knowledge about changes of phase to answer the following questions.
a) What does point V represent? What characteristics are specific to the system only at point V?.
(b) What does each point on the curve between V and W represent?
(c) Describe the changes that the system undergoes as the temperature slowly increases from X to Y to Z at 1.0 atmosphere.
Note: Please briefly explain A-C. Thank you.
Chapter 6 Solutions
Physical Chemistry
Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.1ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.2ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.3ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.4ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.5ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.6ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.7ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.8ECh. 6 - 6.9. Identify and explain the sign on in equation...Ch. 6 - 6.10. Use Hess’s law to prove that .
Ch. 6 - 6.11. Calculate the amount of heat necessary to...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.12ECh. 6 - Assume that the vapH of an evaporating liquid...Ch. 6 - 6.14. As a follow-up to the previous exercise,...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.15ECh. 6 - 6.16. What is for isothermal conversion of liquid...Ch. 6 -
6.17. Estimate the melting point of nickel, Ni,...Ch. 6 -
6.18. Estimate the boiling point of platinum, Pt,...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.19ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.20ECh. 6 - 6.21. What assumption is used in the integration...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.22ECh. 6 - Sulfur, in its cyclic molecular form having the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.24ECh. 6 - 6.25. Phosphorus exists as several allotropes that...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.26ECh. 6 - 6.27. What is higher for a substance: its normal...Ch. 6 - 6.28. Elemental gallium is another substance whose...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.29ECh. 6 - Consider the sulfur solid-state phase transition...Ch. 6 - 6.31. If it takes mega bars of pressure to change...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.32ECh. 6 - Four alcohols have the formula C4H9OH: 1-butanol,...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.34ECh. 6 - At 20.0C, the vapor pressure of ethanol is...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.36ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.37ECh. 6 - Ethanol has a density of 0.789g/cm3 and a vapor...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.39ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.40ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.41ECh. 6 - 6.42. At what pressure does the boiling point of...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.43ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.44ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.45ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.46ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.47ECh. 6 - 6.48. Explain how glaciers, huge masses of solid...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.49ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.50ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.51ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.52ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.53ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.54ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.55ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.56ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.57ECh. 6 - Use the phase diagram of water in Figure 6.6 and...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.59ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.60ECh. 6 - At the triple point of a substance, the vapor...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.62ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.63ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.64ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.65ECh. 6 - Prob. 6.66ECh. 6 - The phase diagram for elemental sulfur is shown in...Ch. 6 - Consider the phase diagram of sulfur in the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.69ECh. 6 - Rearrange the Clausius-Clapeyron equation,...
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Consider the iodine monochloride molecule, ICI. Because chlorine is more electronegative than iodine, this molecule is a dipole. How would you expect iodine monochloride molecules in the gaseous state to orient themselves with respect to each other as the sample is cooled and the molecules begin to aggregate? Sketch the orientation you would expect.arrow_forwardList the different phase transitions that are possible and give examples of each.arrow_forwardA 2.80−g sample of water is injected into an evacuated 6.00−L flask at 65.0°C. What percentage of water will be vapor when the system reaches equilibrium? Assume ideal behavior of water vapor and that the volume of liquid water is negligible. The vapor pressure of water at 65.0°C is 187.5 mmHg.arrow_forward
- 6.The diagram below is an example of Liquid-Vapor(LV) Pressure (P vs Mole Fraction).Fill out the question marks with correct number of degrees of freedom. LV Pressure – Composition (LV – PZ) Phase Diagram | How to read this phase diagram: XA = 0 Xe = 1 P = Pg Xx = 1 • We can designate the fraction of A and B in the liquid be XA and Xa, while the fraction of A and B in the gas phase be ya and Yg- XB = 0 F=? Liquid Phase F=? • Z, is the composition of A: • Below the vapor curve, or the bubble curve, A is pure vapor, and Z, = VA • Above the liquid curve, or the dew curve, A is pure liquid, and Z, = Xa P P= P F=? Vapor Phase YA = 1 YA = 0 Ya = 1 ZA Ys = 0arrow_forwardThe normal boiling point temperatures of the Noble gases are tabulated below. Noble gas He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn Boiling Point (K) 4.32 27.23 87.34 121.4 166.6 211.2 Explain the trend in these temperatures in terms of molar mass the cohesive force.arrow_forward4. What is the relationship between a liquid's molecular weight and the strength of intermolecular bonds (assume the liquid is only compared to other liquids that lo similar intermolecular bonds)? Use the molecular structures and weights of ethano and methanol, the types of intra- and inter- molecular bonds they make and the observations you made of ethanol and methanol in this investigation to support your answer. What is different about water's molecular structure that makes water not follow this relationship when compared to ethanol and methanol?arrow_forward
- Explain each of these properties of water, and describe how each is conferred by the dipolar nature of a water molecule: high specific heat capacity; high heat of vaporization; unique density behavior; high surface tension; capacity to be a good solvent for ions of salts.arrow_forwardWater is a good solvent for many substances. What is the molecular basis for this property, and why is it significant?arrow_forwardIf water were a linear molecule, (a) would it still be polar, and (b) would the water molecules still be able to form hydrogen bonds with one another?arrow_forward
- The figure below is the phase diagram of a purse substance. (I), (II) and (III) are the 3 phases of the substance, and there are 3 phase boundaries. Based on this phase diagram, which of the following statement is (are) true about this substance? a) Below 0.7 atm, the liquid phase of this substance can be formed by carefully adjusting temperature. b) The substance can be transformed from liquid to solid by applying pressure. c) The normal boiling point is between 190 K and 210 K. Pressure (in atm) 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 (III) 0.7 0.6- 0.5- 120 140 160 180 200 220 T (in Kelvin) O a) only O b) only O c) only O a) and b) O b) and c) O c) and a) O a), b) , and c) O None of the 3 statements is true.arrow_forward4. A. Use the list of intermolecular and interparticle forces listed below to account for the following phenomena. Justify your answer in each case. London Dispersion Forces lonic Bonding Dipole-Dipole Interactions Metallic Bonding Hydrogen Bonding Covalent Bonding (i) Nacl has a very high heat of vaporization. (ii) The high volatility of helium (boiling point is - 267 °C, lowest of any element). (iii) What are the strongest attractive forces that must be overcome to boil carbon tetrachloride, (CCl,)? B. Read the following statement: NaF has a higher melting point than F2 because it has a greater molar mass. Do you agree with the statement? Explain why you believe the statement is true or falsrarrow_forwardExplain through the concept of bonding why water was found to expand by approximately 9% when it freezes. Please give a short but clear explanation.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Chemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Matter and Change
Chemistry
ISBN:9780078746376
Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl Wistrom
Publisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079243
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher:Cengage Learning
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305580343
Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning