Physical Chemistry
Physical Chemistry
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781133958437
Author: Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, Tomas
Publisher: Wadsworth Cengage Learning,
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Chapter 6, Problem 6.11E

Calculate the amount of heat necessary to change 10 0 .0 g of ice at 15. ο C to steam at 110 ° C . You will need the values of the heat capacity for ice, water, and steam, and Δ fus H and Δ vap H for H 2 O from Tables 2.1 and 2.3. Is this process exothermic or endothermic?

Expert Solution & Answer
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Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The amount of heat required to change 100.0 g of ice at 15.οC to steam at 110 οC is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Sublimation is a process in which the substance in a solid state is directly converted into a vapor state without going through the liquid state.

In a chemical reaction, when an enthalpy is positive the value of ΔH is greater than zero which indicates that a system absorbed heat. This reaction is known as endothermic reaction.

The heat capacity defined as the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of the system by one degree.

Answer to Problem 6.11E

The amount of heat required to change 100.0 g of ice at 15.οC to steam at 110 οC is 306.32 kJ.

The value of heat is positive. Thus, it is an endothermic reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Given

The mass of ice is 100.0 g.

The temperature of ice is 15.οC.

The temperature of steam is 110 οC.

The conversion of ice to steam involves steps, which are the warming of ice at οC, melting of ice at οC, warming of water at 100 οC, evaporation of water at 100 οC and warming of steam at 110 οC.

The required heat capacities and enthalpy of fusion and vaporization are shown below.

H2O(s)H2O(l)H2O(g)Heat capacity,C(J/gK)2.064.1842.04ΔfusH(J/g)333.5ΔvapH(J/g)2260

The overall heat required is the sum of each individual step which is shown below.

q=mCiceΔT+mCfusΔT+mCliquidΔT+mCvapΔT+mCvapourΔT (1)

The temperature of ice is 15.οC.

The conversion of Celsius to Kelvin is done as,

οC=273 K

Therefore, the conversion of 15.οC to Kelvin is done as,

15.οοC=15.0+273 K=258 K

Similarly, the conversion of 110 οC to Kelvin is done as,

110 οC=110+273 K=383 K

Substitute the values of mass, heat capacities, and temperature in equation (1) to calculate the amount of heat required.

q=100 g((2.06 J/gK×(273 K258 K))+(333.5 J/g+ (4.184 J/gK×(373 K273 K)))+(2260 J/g+ (2.04 J/gK×(283 K273 K))))=100 g((2.06 J/gK×15 K)+333.5 J/g+(4.184 J/gK×100 K)+2260 J/g+(2.04 J/gK×10 K))=100g(30.9 J/g+333.5 J/g+418.4 J/g+2260 J/g+20.4 J/g)=306,320 J

The conversion of joule into kilojoule is done as,

1 J=0.001 kJ

Therefore, the conversion of 306,320 J into kilojoule is done as,

306,320 J=306,320×0.001 kJ=306.32 kJ

Hence, the amount of heat required to change 100.0 g of ice at 15.οC to steam at 110 οC is 306.32 kJ.

The value of heat is positive. Thus, it is an endothermic reaction.

Conclusion

The amount of heat required to change 100.0 g of ice at 15.οC to steam at 110 οC is 306.32 kJ. The value of heat is positive. Thus, it is an endothermic reaction.

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Chapter 6 Solutions

Physical Chemistry

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