Interpretation:
Whether the condition of phase transition in reusable hot-packs, which use the precipitation of super saturated sodium acetate or calcium acetate to give off heat of crystallization to warm a person, can be understood in terms of Clapeyron or the Clausius-Clapeyron equation is to be stated. The reason for the same is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Clapeyron equation represents the relation between the change in pressure and temperature for all the phases involved to the change in entropies and molar volumes.
The Clausius-Clapeyron equation can be obtained from the rearrangement and integration of Clapeyron equation. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation is generally used for gas-phase equilibria, to predict the equilibrium temperatures and pressures and also for the determination of enthalpy for phase transition.
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 6 Solutions
Physical Chemistry
- What mass (g) of ethanol, CH3CH2OH(), can be vaporized at its boiling point of 78.4 C by transfer of 500. kJ to the liquid? The vapH of ethanol is 38.6 kJ/mol at this temperature.arrow_forward6.25. Phosphorus exists as several allotropes that have varying properties. The enthalpy of transition from white P to red P, , is . The densities of white and red phosphorus are and , respectively. At what temperature does white phosphorus become the stable phase at of pressure? Assume the formula for phosphorus is .arrow_forwardDefine the normal boiling point of water. Why does a sample of boiling water remain at the same temperature until all the water has been boiled? Define the normal freezing point of water. Sketch a representation of a heating/cooling curve for water, marking clearly the normal freezing and boiling points.arrow_forward
- Given that the normal boiling point of CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2 is 77 °C, which of the following statements about the process below is/are correct? You may choose more than one, or none, of the statements. CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2(g, 96 °C, 1 atm) ⟶ CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2(l, 63 °C, 1 atm) You may assume that the temperature of the surroundings is constant and also equal to 63 °C. Note: The normal boiling point (Tnbp) is the boiling temperature at 1 atm. The phase change is reversible at the normal boiling point but irreversible if P = 1 atm and T ≠ Tnbp. The entropy of the system increases: ΔS > 0. The entropy of the surroundings increases: ΔSsurr > 0. The entropy of the universe increases: ΔSuniv > 0. Work is done by the system on the surroundings. Heat flows from the system into the surroundings. The entropy change for the system is equal to ΔH / Tvap. The entropy change for the system is equal to ΔH / Tsurr.…arrow_forwardDetermine the enthalpy of vaporization at 343.15 K for water. (Note: The heat of vaporization for water is known to be 40.79 kJ mol-1 at 273.15 K, the Cp of water (Liq) was determined to be 85.6 J K-1 mol-1 and the Cp of water (solid) was to be 54.35 J K-1 mol-1). Use the reaction below and give your final answer in kJ mol-1. H2O(solid, 273.15 K, 0.1 atm)--------H2O(liq, 273.15 K, 0.1 atm)arrow_forwardThe phase diagram shows the change in molar enthalpy as the molar volume changes. True Falsearrow_forward
- 7arrow_forwardThe pressure of the saturated vapor of benzene (vapor in equilibrium with liquid) is 101.32 kPa at 80°C and 4.81 kPa at 5.5°C, respectively. The latter pressure and temperature correspond to the triple point of benzene. Calculate the approximate molar heat of vaporization ∆Hmv of benzene (Clausius - Clapeyron equation).arrow_forwardA solution of carbon tetrachloride and acetic acid CH3COOH that is 90.% carbon tetrachloride by mass is boiling at 81.8°C. The vapor is collected and cooled until it condenses to form a new solution Calculate the percent by mass of carbon tetrachloride in the new solution. Here's some data you may need: normal boiling point density vapor pressure at 81.8°C carbon tetrachloride 77.°C 1.6gmL 873.torr acetic acid 118.°C 1.1gmL 362.torr Be sure your answer has 2 significant digits. Note for advanced students: you may assume the solution and vapor above it are ideal.arrow_forward
- Can you explain this problem? Where did the P1 came from? And can you redo the calculation?arrow_forwardThe phase diagram for a pure substance is shown above. Use this diagram and your knowledge about changes of phase to answer the following questions. a) What does point V represent? What characteristics are specific to the system only at point V?. (b) What does each point on the curve between V and W represent? (c) Describe the changes that the system undergoes as the temperature slowly increases from X to Y to Z at 1.0 atmosphere. Note: Please briefly explain A-C. Thank you.arrow_forwardHow much heat (in kJ mol–1 to two decimal places) is required to melt 300.0 g of water (H2O; 18.02 g mol–1) at its melting point using the given enthalpy of fusion? ΔH=6.01 kJ mol−1arrow_forward
- Physical ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781133958437Author:Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, TomasPublisher:Wadsworth Cengage Learning,Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
- General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage LearningWorld of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage LearningChemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning