Organic Chemistry
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781118133576
Author: T. W. Graham Solomons, Craig Fryhle
Publisher: Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated
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Textbook Question
Chapter 6, Problem 48P
The reaction of chloroethane with water in the gas phase to produce ethanol and hydrogen chloride has
(a) Which of these terms, if either, favors the reaction going to completion?
(b) Calculate? G° for the reaction. What can you now say about whether the reaction will proceed to completion?
(c) Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction.
(d) In aqueous solution the equilibrium constant is very much larger than the one you just calculated. How can you account for this fact?
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The evaporation of one mole of water at 298 K has a standard free energy change of 8.58 kJ.H2O(l) ⇌ H2O(g) ΔG°298 = 8.58 kJ(a) Is the evaporation of water under standard thermodynamic conditions spontaneous?(b) Determine the equilibrium constant, KP, for this physical process.(c) By calculating ΔG, determine if the evaporation of water at 298 K is spontaneous when the partial pressure of water, PH2 O, is 0.011 atm.(d) If the evaporation of water were always nonspontaneous at room temperature, wet laundry would never dry when placed outside. In order for laundry to dry, what must be the value of PH2 O in the air?
3.
(a) Use the data given below and calculate AHO, ASO, A Gº, and Kp at 25° C for the reaction:
CO (g) + 3 H₂ (g) - → CH4 (g) + H₂O (g)
(b) Calculate AG for the reaction at 250 °C.
(c) At what temperature (°C) is AG equal to zero? In what temperature range is this reaction product-
favored?
Compound
CO (g)
H₂(g)
CH4 (g)
H₂O (g)
AH°, kJ/mol
-110.52
0
-74.81
-241.82
So, J/mol K
197.67
130.68
186.264
188.83
The Haber process for the production of ammonia involves the equilibriumN2(g) + 3 H2(g)⇌ 2 NH3(g)For this reaction, ΔH° = -92.38 kJ and ΔS° = -198.3 J/K. Assume that ΔH° and ΔS° for this reaction do not change withtemperature. (a) Predict the direction in which ΔG for the reaction changes with increasing temperature. (b) Calculate ΔG at25 °C and at 500 °C.
Chapter 6 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 6 - Prob. 1PPCh. 6 - Prob. 2PPCh. 6 - Prob. 3PPCh. 6 - Prob. 4PPCh. 6 - Prob. 5PPCh. 6 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 6.6
reactions that involve...Ch. 6 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 6.7 Rank the following...Ch. 6 - Prob. 8PPCh. 6 - Prob. 9PPCh. 6 - Prob. 10PP
Ch. 6 - Prob. 11PPCh. 6 - Prob. 12PPCh. 6 - Prob. 13PPCh. 6 - Prob. 14PPCh. 6 - Prob. 15PPCh. 6 - Prob. 16PPCh. 6 - Prob. 17PPCh. 6 - Prob. 18PPCh. 6 - Prob. 19PPCh. 6 - Prob. 20PCh. 6 - Prob. 21PCh. 6 - Which SN1 reaction of each pair would you expect...Ch. 6 - Prob. 23PCh. 6 - Prob. 24PCh. 6 - Listed below are several hypothetical nucleophilic...Ch. 6 - Prob. 28PCh. 6 - Write conformational structures for the...Ch. 6 - 6.28 Consider the reaction of with .
(a) Would...Ch. 6 - Prob. 33PCh. 6 - Prob. 34PCh. 6 - Prob. 35PCh. 6 - Prob. 36PCh. 6 - 1-Bromobicyclo[2, 2,1] heptane is extremely...Ch. 6 - When ethyl bromide reacts with potassium cyanide...Ch. 6 - Prob. 41PCh. 6 - Prob. 42PCh. 6 - When the alkyl bromides (listed here) were...Ch. 6 - Prob. 44PCh. 6 - Prob. 45PCh. 6 - Prob. 46PCh. 6 - Prob. 47PCh. 6 - 6.42 The reaction of chloroethane with water in...Ch. 6 - Prob. 49PCh. 6 - Prob. 50PCh. 6 - Prob. 51PCh. 6 - Prob. 52PCh. 6 - 1-Bromo[2.2.1] bicycloheptane is unreactive toward...Ch. 6 - Open the computer molecular model tided...Ch. 6 - Prob. 56PCh. 6 - Consider the solvolysis reaction of (1S,...Ch. 6 - 2. Consider the following sequence of reactions,...Ch. 6 - Prob. 26PCh. 6 - Your task is to prepare isopropyl methyl ether by...Ch. 6 - Prob. 29PCh. 6 - 6.53 cis-4-Bromocyclohexanol racemic C6H10O...Ch. 6 - Prob. 31PCh. 6 - Explain the following observations: When...Ch. 6 - Prob. 38PCh. 6 - Prob. 1QCh. 6 - Prob. 2QCh. 6 - 6.3 A kinetic study yielded the following reaction...Ch. 6 - Prob. 4QCh. 6 - 6.5 Supply the missing reactants, reagents,...Ch. 6 - Which SN2 reaction will occur most rapidly....Ch. 6 - 6.7 Provide three-dimensional structures for the...
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- What is the sign of the standard Gibbs free-energy change at low temperatures and at high temperatures for the explosive decomposition of TNT? Use your knowledge of TNT and the chemical equation, particularly the phases, to answer this question. (Thermodynamic data for TNT are not in Appendix G.) 2C7H5N3O6(s) 3N2(g) + 5H2O() + 7C(s) + 7CO(g)arrow_forwarda Calculate K1, at 25C for sulfurous acid: H2SO3(aq)H+(aq)+HSO3(aq) b Which thermodynamic factor is the most significant in accounting for the fact that sulfurous acid is a weak acid? Why?arrow_forwardWhat determines Ssurr for a process? To calculate Ssurr at constant pressure and temperature, we use the following equation: Ssurr = H/T. Why does a minus sign appear in the equation, and why is Ssurr inversely proportional to temperature?arrow_forward
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