Concept explainers
Interpretation:
Thereaction of propyl bromide with sodium cyanide
Concept introduction:
Electrophiles are electron-deficient species, which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles, which accept electron pair.
Nucleophiles are electron-rich species, which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles, which donate electron pair.
Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.
Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which an electron-rich nucleophile attacks the positive or partial positive charge of an atom or a group of atoms to replace a leaving group.
In
The
The
A chemical species thathas the tendency to donate an electron pair to an electrophile in order to form a chemical bondis known as nucleophile.
To form an alkyl halide, reaction takes place between halogen atoms and alkanes.
Cyanide ion
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Organic Chemistry
- Predict the products of the following ozonolysis reactions. • PRACTICE PROBLEM 8.21 (a) (1) Og (2) Me,S (1) Og (c) (2) Me,s (1) O, (b) (2) Me,Sarrow_forwardWhen tert-butyl bromide is heated with an equal amount of ethanol in an inert solvent, one of the products is ethyl tert-butyl ether. (a) What happens to the reaction rate if the concentration of ethanol is doubled?arrow_forwardNeed answer step by steparrow_forward
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- When tert-butyl bromide is heated with an equal amount of ethanol in an inert solvent, one of the products is ethyl tert-butyl ether. (a) What happens to the rate if the concentration of tert-butyl bromide is tripled and the concentration of ethanol is doubled?arrow_forward8.23 In each of the following indicate which reaction will occur faster. Explain your reasoning. (a) CH3CH₂CH₂CH₂Br or CH3CH₂CH₂CH₂I with sodium cyanide in dimethyl sulfoxide (b) 1-Chloro-2-methylbutane or 1-chloropentane with sodium iodide in acetone (c) Hexyl chloride or cyclohexyl chloride with sodium azide in aqueous ethanol (d) Solvolysis of 1-bromo-2,2-dimethylpropane or tert-butyl bromide in ethanol (e) Solvolysis of isobutyl bromide or sec-butyl bromide in aqueous formic acid (f) Reaction of 1-chlorobutane with sodium acetate in acetic acid or with sodium. methoxide in methanol (g) Reaction of 1-chlorobutane with sodium azide or sodium p-toluenesulfonate in aque- ous ethanolarrow_forward(c) You conducted an experiment involving a hydrohalogenation reaction with starting material A and HBr. Product C was obtained as the major product of the reaction instead of the regioisomer product B which you expected. CH3 CH3 CH3 Br Br + HBr Product B Starting material A Product C (i) Suggest a detailed reaction mechanism to explain the formation of the major product C. (ii) Briefly explain why this unexpected major product C predominated in your reaction. Question 1 Continued (iii) 1,2-elimination of HBr from product C yields a mixture of two alkenes. Draw the structures of the two alkene products and briefly explain using Zaitsev's rule which alkene is the major one.arrow_forward
- Predict the product(s) and show the complete electron-pushing mecha- nism for each of the following dissolving metal reductions. (a) H3CC=CCH₂CH3 (b) (c) CECH 1844 Li NH3 ND3 C=C—CH3 NH3arrow_forward7В. (2 Draw the structure of the product, substrate or condition in the following reactions (should clearly indicate the stereochemistry). (а) OH (b) OsO vaHSO3 (c) 1) (sia)2 BH 2) NaOH/H,O2 H20 (d) HBr (2 equiv) Br, Br Hint: This is the only product formed (e) Br Br2 H20 OH (f)arrow_forward7. (a) Draw the structure of 2-bromo-3-methylbutane.(1)(b) (i) Draw the structure of methylbut-2-ene.(ii) Methylbut-2-ene is formed when 2-bromo-3-methylbutane is treated with ethanolic potassiumhydroxide. Name and outline the mechanism for this reaction.Name of mechanism .........................................................................................Mechanism(5)(c) Name the isomer of methylbut-2-ene which is also formed when 2-bromo-3-methylbutane is treatedwith ethanolic potassium hydroxide.arrow_forward
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