Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168130
Author: Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 6, Problem 21RQ
Why are osteocytes spread out in bone tissue?
- They develop from mesenchymal cells.
- They are surrounded by osteoid.
- They travel through the capillaries.
- Formation of osteoid spreads out the osteoblasts that fanned the ossification centers.
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Kinetics: One-Compartment First-Order Absorption
1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple routes of administration provides greater insight than a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250-g rats following bolus IV, oral (PO), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.
Using this data and set of graphs, determine:(calculate for each variable)
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data
(b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data
c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data
(d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip
(e)absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
(f) absolute po bioavailability, Fpo
3. A promising new drug is being evaluated in human trials. Based on preliminary human tests, this drug is most effective when plasma levels exceed 30 mg/L. Measurements from preliminary tests indicate the following human pharmacokinetic parameter values: t1/2,elim = 4.6hr, t1/2,abs = 0.34hr, VD = 0.29 L/kg, Foral = 72%. Based on these parameters, estimate the following if a 49 kg woman were to receive a 1000mg oral dose of this drug:
(a) Estimate the plasma concentration of the drug at 1hr, 6 hr, and 20hr after taking the drug ( Concentration estimate)
(b) Estimate the time for maximum plasma concentration (tmax).
(c) Estimate the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax).
(d) Estimate the time at which the plasma level first rises above 30 mg/L. (Note this is a trial and error problem where you must guess a time, plug it into the concentration equation, and determine if it is close to 30 mg/L. Hint: based on part (a) it should be apparent that the answer is less than 1hr.)
(e)…
Chapter 6 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 6 - Which function of the skeletal system would be...Ch. 6 - Bone tissue can be described as ________. dead...Ch. 6 - Without red marrow, bones would not be able to...Ch. 6 - Yellow marrow has been identified as ________. an...Ch. 6 - Which of the following can be found in areas of...Ch. 6 - The skeletal system is made of ________. a....Ch. 6 - Most of the bones of the arms and hands are long...Ch. 6 - Sesamoid bones are found embedded in ________....Ch. 6 - Bones that surround the spinal cord are classified...Ch. 6 - Which category of bone is among the most numerous...
Ch. 6 - Long bones enable body movement by acting as a...Ch. 6 - Which of the following occurs in the spongy bone...Ch. 6 - The diaphysis contains ________. a. the metaphysis...Ch. 6 - The fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of...Ch. 6 - Which of the following are incapable of undergoing...Ch. 6 - Which cells do not originate from osteogenic...Ch. 6 - Which of the following are found in compact bone...Ch. 6 - Which of the following are only found in...Ch. 6 - The area of a bone where the nutrient foramen...Ch. 6 - Why is cartilage slow to heal? because it...Ch. 6 - Why are osteocytes spread out in bone tissue? They...Ch. 6 - In endochondral ossification, what happens to the...Ch. 6 - Which of the following bones is (are) formed by...Ch. 6 - Bones grow in length due to activity in the...Ch. 6 - Bones grow in diameter due to bone formation...Ch. 6 - Which of the following represents the correct...Ch. 6 - A fracture can be both ________. open and closed...Ch. 6 - How can a fractured diapliysis release fat...Ch. 6 - In a compound fracture, ________. the break occurs...Ch. 6 - The internal and external calli are replaced by...Ch. 6 - The first type of bone to form during fracture...Ch. 6 - Wolffs Law, which describes the effect of...Ch. 6 - Calcium cannot be absorbed from the small...Ch. 6 - Which one of the following foods is best for bone...Ch. 6 - Which of the following hormones are responsible...Ch. 6 - With respect to their direct effects on osseous...Ch. 6 - When calcium levels are too high or too low, which...Ch. 6 - All of the following play a role in calcium...Ch. 6 - Which of the following is most likely to be...Ch. 6 - The skeletal system is composed of bone and...Ch. 6 - What are the structural and functional differences...Ch. 6 - What are the structural and functional differences...Ch. 6 - If the articular cartilage at the end of one of...Ch. 6 - In what ways is the structural makeup of compact...Ch. 6 - In what ways do intramembranous and endochondral...Ch. 6 - Considering how a long bone develops, what are the...Ch. 6 - What is the difference between closed reduction...Ch. 6 - In terms of origin and composition, what are the...Ch. 6 - If you were a dietician who had a young female...Ch. 6 - During the early years of space exploration our...Ch. 6 - An individual with very low levels of vitamin D...Ch. 6 - Describe the effects caused when the parathyroid...
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