Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168130
Author: Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 6, Problem 36RQ
With respect to their direct effects on osseous tissue, which pair of hannones has actions that oppose each other?
- estrogen and testosterone
- calcitonin and calcitriol
- estrogen and progesterone
- calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
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How does Parathyroid Hormone elevate blood calcium levels?
by increasing the amount of CA2+ removed from the blood by the kidneys
by decreasing the amount of CA2+ absorbed from the gut into the blood
by increasing the number and activity of osteoclasts
by increasing the number and activity of osteoblasts
Why does the release of cortisol during the stress response have a negative effect on bone density?
Cortisol increases serum calcium to fuel muscle contraction during the fight or flight responseCortisol reduces estrogen production and triggers early menopause
Cortisol draws calcium out of the bones to increase serum calcium to fuel muscle contraction during the fight or flight response
Cortisol decreases calcium to fuel muscle contraction during the fight or flight response
Describe the action of Selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) to treat osteoporosis
Chapter 6 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 6 - Which function of the skeletal system would be...Ch. 6 - Bone tissue can be described as ________. dead...Ch. 6 - Without red marrow, bones would not be able to...Ch. 6 - Yellow marrow has been identified as ________. an...Ch. 6 - Which of the following can be found in areas of...Ch. 6 - The skeletal system is made of ________. a....Ch. 6 - Most of the bones of the arms and hands are long...Ch. 6 - Sesamoid bones are found embedded in ________....Ch. 6 - Bones that surround the spinal cord are classified...Ch. 6 - Which category of bone is among the most numerous...
Ch. 6 - Long bones enable body movement by acting as a...Ch. 6 - Which of the following occurs in the spongy bone...Ch. 6 - The diaphysis contains ________. a. the metaphysis...Ch. 6 - The fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of...Ch. 6 - Which of the following are incapable of undergoing...Ch. 6 - Which cells do not originate from osteogenic...Ch. 6 - Which of the following are found in compact bone...Ch. 6 - Which of the following are only found in...Ch. 6 - The area of a bone where the nutrient foramen...Ch. 6 - Why is cartilage slow to heal? because it...Ch. 6 - Why are osteocytes spread out in bone tissue? They...Ch. 6 - In endochondral ossification, what happens to the...Ch. 6 - Which of the following bones is (are) formed by...Ch. 6 - Bones grow in length due to activity in the...Ch. 6 - Bones grow in diameter due to bone formation...Ch. 6 - Which of the following represents the correct...Ch. 6 - A fracture can be both ________. open and closed...Ch. 6 - How can a fractured diapliysis release fat...Ch. 6 - In a compound fracture, ________. the break occurs...Ch. 6 - The internal and external calli are replaced by...Ch. 6 - The first type of bone to form during fracture...Ch. 6 - Wolffs Law, which describes the effect of...Ch. 6 - Calcium cannot be absorbed from the small...Ch. 6 - Which one of the following foods is best for bone...Ch. 6 - Which of the following hormones are responsible...Ch. 6 - With respect to their direct effects on osseous...Ch. 6 - When calcium levels are too high or too low, which...Ch. 6 - All of the following play a role in calcium...Ch. 6 - Which of the following is most likely to be...Ch. 6 - The skeletal system is composed of bone and...Ch. 6 - What are the structural and functional differences...Ch. 6 - What are the structural and functional differences...Ch. 6 - If the articular cartilage at the end of one of...Ch. 6 - In what ways is the structural makeup of compact...Ch. 6 - In what ways do intramembranous and endochondral...Ch. 6 - Considering how a long bone develops, what are the...Ch. 6 - What is the difference between closed reduction...Ch. 6 - In terms of origin and composition, what are the...Ch. 6 - If you were a dietician who had a young female...Ch. 6 - During the early years of space exploration our...Ch. 6 - An individual with very low levels of vitamin D...Ch. 6 - Describe the effects caused when the parathyroid...
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- Which of the following hormones requires iodine to be active? both calcitriol and parathyroid hormone O parathyroid hormone calcitriol estrogen O thyroid hormonearrow_forwardWhich of the following is false? parathyroid hormone is produced by the parathyroid gland parathyroid hormone increases urination of calcium Oparathyroid hormone stimulates osteoclasts parathyroid hormone increases calcium concentration in the bloodarrow_forwardYour 50-year-old female patient is prescribed hormone replacement (estrogen) therapy due to the effects of menopause Normally, hormone replacement therapy decreases a woman’s chances of developing osteoporosis; however, your patient developed osteoporosis due to the hormone replacement therapy. Which of the following may have caused her osteoporosis? Activated osteoblasts Activated osteoclasts An overactive thyroid An underactive parathyroid A & Darrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about calcium homeostasis is FALSE? *PTH stimulates calcium uptake by bonesThe parathyroid gland secretes PTH in response to low calcium levels.The thyroid gland secretes calcitonin in response to high blood calcium levels.Calcitonin targets bone cells..Calcitonin and PTH are antagonistic hormones (have opposing functions)..arrow_forwardExplain how you would interpret the graph in Figure to show that PTH and calcitonin act in a complementary way to control blood calcium level.arrow_forwardA patient has a tumor on the parathyroid that is increasing its hormone production. What effects might you see? (More than one answer may be correct) Osteoporosis Low circulating calcium levels Hyperactivity of the muscles Low blood pressurearrow_forward
- Which of the following is a function of parathyroid hormone? (Select ALL correct answers) Promotes secretion of calcium in kidneys Promotes release of calcium stored in bones Decreases absorption of dietary calcium Promotes reabsorption of calcium in kidneysarrow_forwardSelect ALL the statements that are correct. Growth hormone production is inhibited by somatostatin. Growth hormone production is stimulated by the release of the tropic hormone GHRH in the hypothalamus. Growth hormone production is inhibited by IGF-1 which is secreted by the liver. Gigantism and acromegaly differ in that gigantism is due to oversecretion of GHRH, not GH.arrow_forwardWhat do you mean by acromegaly? What causes this disease? State its symptoms.arrow_forward
- Name the connection between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary gland. What does it consist of? Explain the mechanism of release of the posterior pituitary hormones into the systemic circulation. Describe the difference between gigantism and acromegaly.arrow_forwardOne of the functions of HGH is to: Increase glycogen storage by the liver Stimulate osteoclasts in the epiphyseal plates of children Stimulate osteoblasts in the epiphyseal plates of children Suppress the immune systemarrow_forwardHypersecretion of parathyroid hormone will: Group of answer choices inhibit osteoclast activity result in a faster rate of bone deposition enhance renal reabsorption of calcium inhibit of intestinal absorption of calciumarrow_forward
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