Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 6, Problem 11RQ
The energy released by the hydrolysis of ATP is
- primarily stored between the alpha and beta phosphates
- equal to -57 kcal/mol
- harnessed as heat energy by the cell to perform work
- providing energy to coupled reactions
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Balance the following net reaction that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation. Use the smallest whole integers possible for the reaction stoichiometry.
NADH+ FADH₂ + ADP+ 0₂+H+PO, ¹
NAD+FAD+ ATP+
+H₂O
As a result of an experiment following measurements were obtained from a cell: ATP concentration of 0.5 mM, ADP concentration of 0.1 mM, inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentration of 2 mM. Under these conditions calculate the actual free energy (AG) of the reaction of hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi. (The standard energy (AG") of ATP = -31 kl/mol; RT = 2.58 kJ/mol)
Select one:
a. -28 kJ/mol
b. -33 kJ/mol
C. -42 kJ/mol
d. -19 kJ/mol
What is the standard free-energy change, ∆G°, under physiological conditions(E. coli grows in the human gut, at 37 °C) for the following reaction?Glucose + ATP → glucose 6-phosphate + ADP
Chapter 6 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 6 - Figure 6.8 Look at each of the processes shown,...Ch. 6 - Figure 6.10 If no activation energy were required...Ch. 6 - Figure 6.14 The hydrolysis of one ATP molecule...Ch. 6 - Energy is stored long-term in the bonds of and...Ch. 6 - DNA replication involves unwinding two strands of...Ch. 6 - Consider a pendulum swinging. Which type(s) of...Ch. 6 - Which of the following comparisons or contrasts...Ch. 6 - Which of the following is the best way to judge...Ch. 6 - Which of the following is not an example of an...Ch. 6 - In each of the three systems, determine the state...
Ch. 6 - The energy released by the hydrolysis of ATP is...Ch. 6 - Which of the following molecules is likely to have...Ch. 6 - Which of the following is not true about enzymes...Ch. 6 - An allosteric inhibitor does which of the...Ch. 6 - Which of the following analogies best describes...Ch. 6 - Does physical exercise involve anabolic and/or...Ch. 6 - Name two different cellular functions that require...Ch. 6 - Explain in your own words the difference between a...Ch. 6 - Describe the position of the transition state on a...Ch. 6 - Imagine an elaborate ant farm with tunnels and...Ch. 6 - Energy transfers take place constantly in everyday...Ch. 6 - Do you think that the Ea for ATP hydrolysis is...Ch. 6 - With regard to enzymes, why are vitamins necessary...Ch. 6 - Explain in your own words how enzyme feedback...
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Similar questions
- Coupled reactions occur where a nonspontaneous reaction is enabled by coupling it to a spontaneous reaction. This approach is common in biological settings. Determine if ATP could be generated by this biochemical reaction. You have calculated that cell potential is +0.637V. An example of a coupled reaction is the first step of glycolysis, the phosphorylation of glucose to form glucose-6-phosphate shown below. kJ/mol The net AG° for this reaction is 1 2 3 н он H. H- H- H H H H 4 6. H. glucose phosphate anion glucose-6-phosphate AG = +14.0 kJ/mol 7 8 9. АТР ADP phosphate anion AG = -30.5 kJ/mol +/- LOarrow_forwardWhat terms would best describe the above coupled reaction? (If the DGo for ATP hydrolysis into ADP + inorganic phosphate is -7.3 kcal/mole, and the DGo for maltose synthesis from glucose + glucose is +3.7 kcal/mole, calculate the standard free energy change for the combined reaction of ATP + glucose + glucose g ADP + maltose + inorganic phosphate.) it is non-spontaneous and endothermic (because the overall DGo is negative) it is spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall DGo is negative) it is non-spontaneous and endothermic (because the overall DGo is positive) it is spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall DGo is positive) it is non-spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall DGo is negative)arrow_forwardIn the reaction ATP + glucose → ADP + glucose-6-phosphate, ΔG° is -16.7 kJ/mol. Assume that both ATP and ADP have a concentration of 1 M and T = 25°C. What ratio of glucose-6- phosphate to glucose would allow the reverse reaction to occur?arrow_forward
- The phosphorylation of glucose to glucose 1-phosphate requires 5.0 kcal/mol of energy. This unfavorable reaction can be driven by the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP. (a) Write the equation for the coupled reaction. (b) How much energy is released in the coupled reaction? glucose + HPO4---------->2– glucose 1-phosphate + H2Oarrow_forwardInside cells, the AG value for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + Pi is approximately -50 kJ/mol (-12 kcal/mol). Calculate the approximate ratio of [ATP] to [ADP][Pi ] in cells at 37°C. AG = AG + RT InKe R= 8.315 x 10³ kJ mol deg T= 298 K Table 15.1 Standard free energies of hydrolysis of some phosphorylated compounds Compound kJ mol- kcal mol- Phosphoenolpyruvate 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate Creatine phosphate ATP (to ADP) -61.9 -14.8 -49.4 -11.8 -43.1 -10.3 -30.5 - 7.3 - 5.0 Glucose 1-phosphate Pyrophosphate Glucose 6-phosphate -20.9 -19.3 -4.6 -13.8 3.3 Glycerol 3-phosphate - 9.2 2.2 biochemistryarrow_forwardCoupled reactions occur where a nonspontaneous reaction is enabled by coupling it to a spontaneous reaction. This approach is common in biological settings. Determine if ATP could be generated by this biochemical reaction. You have calculated that cell potential is +0.637V. An example of a coupled reaction is the first step of glycolysis, the phosphorylation of glucose to form glucose-6-phosphate shown below. The net ∆Gº for this reaction isarrow_forward
- A certain metabolic pathway can be diagrammed as: X Y Z A B C D C²D where A, B, C, and D are the metabolic intermediates and X, Y, and Z are the enzymes responsible for each conversion. The physiological free energies for each enzyme catalyzed reaction are: X AG = -0.2 kJ/mol Y AG¹ = -1.3 kJ/mol ZAG' = -12.3 kJ/mol a. Which reaction likely represents a major regulatory point for this pathway? b. If your answer for part a. was, in fact, the case, if an inhibitor of Enzyme Z was present, would the concentrations of metabolites A, B, C, and D be increased, decreased, or not affected? c. Identify which of the enzymes X, Y, and Z, if any, would likely need to be bypassed for the metabolite D to be converted to A.arrow_forwardATP constitutes the most common cellular energy currency. Explain the factors that account for the large, negative standard free energy of hydrolysis.arrow_forwardThe reaction below occurs in nearly all human cells. It is catalyzed by the enzyme enolase. CO- CO- enolase -OPO3 OPO3 + H20 ČH,OH AGO'=+1.7 kJ/mol CH2 2PGA PEP Under cellular conditions, the AG is -3.3 kJ/mol. Which of the following could account for these changes in cellular AG compared to the standard biological free energy? The concentration of 2PGA is 7 times higher than PEP. The concentration of PEP is 7 times higher than 2PGA Enolase lowers the activation energy of the transition state. The release of water from 2PGA is a form of energy coupling.arrow_forward
- The conversion of substance X to substance Y is an endergonic reaction, but it can be driven if coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP. Write simple equations illustrating how that can occur.arrow_forwardCalculate the factor by which the enzyme will decrease the rate of the reaction with the following information. ES complex releases 30kj/mol of binding free energy that lowers the activaiton energy barrier needed for the transition state.arrow_forwardIn a major metabolic pathway involving the monosaccharide glucose, one of the reactions involve the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate summarized below together with accompanying free energy change: glucose + phosphate = glucose-6-phosphate + H,0 AG = 13.8 kJ · mol-1 (Reaction 1) In cells, the production of G6P (Reaction 1 above) is coupled to a reaction that involves the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP (shown below, Reaction 2) which makes the overall reaction much more favorable to the production of glucose-6-phosphate. ATP + H,O = ADP + phosphate (Reaction 2) Why do you think coupling the production of glucose-6-phosphate to the hydrolysis of ATP makes the overall reaction spontaneous? What can you say about the free energy change accompanying the hydrolysis of ATP (Reaction 2)?arrow_forward
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