Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 6, Problem 3VCQ
Figure 6.14 The hydrolysis of one ATP molecule releases 7.3 kcal/mol of energy (?G = -7.3 kcal/mol of energy). If it takes 2.1 kcal/mol of energy to move
one Na+ across the membrane (?G = +2.1 kcal/mol of energy), how many sodium ions could be moved by the hydrolysis of one ATP molecule?
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A 75 kg person doing light work requires about 3000 kcal of food energy perday, 40% of which is actually used by the body’s cells. (The other 60% is lostas heat and in waste products.) Before being used by the cells, effectively allof this energy is stored in ATP, which is then cleaved into ADP and PO3−2 ,
with the release of 12.5 kcal per mole of ATP.(a) How many moles of ATP are turned over per day in this fashion? Whatmass of ATP does this correspond to? (The molecular weight of ATP is507 g/mol.)(b) The body actually contains approximately 5 g ATP. Estimate the averagerecycle time for an ATP molecule. You see that it is much more efficientto reuse ADP rather than to synthesize it de novo (from scratch).
In the following situations, what is the free energy change if 1 mole of Na+is transported across a membrane from a region where the concentration is1 μM to a region where it is 100 mM?(Assume T = 37 °C.) (a) In the absence of a membrane potential. (b) When the transport is opposed by a membrane potential of 70 mV. (c) In each case, will hydrolysis of 1 mole of ATP suffice to drive the transport of 1 mole of ion, assuming pH 7.4 and the following cytoplasmic concentrations: ATP = 4.60 mM, Pi = 5.10 mM, ADP = 310 μM?
Each proton that moves across the membrane releases about 14 kJ/mol of energy. Given that ATP requires 30.5 kJ/mol of energy to form, how many protons cross the membrane per ATP synthesized? (Hint: can you have half a proton?)
Chapter 6 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 6 - Figure 6.8 Look at each of the processes shown,...Ch. 6 - Figure 6.10 If no activation energy were required...Ch. 6 - Figure 6.14 The hydrolysis of one ATP molecule...Ch. 6 - Energy is stored long-term in the bonds of and...Ch. 6 - DNA replication involves unwinding two strands of...Ch. 6 - Consider a pendulum swinging. Which type(s) of...Ch. 6 - Which of the following comparisons or contrasts...Ch. 6 - Which of the following is the best way to judge...Ch. 6 - Which of the following is not an example of an...Ch. 6 - In each of the three systems, determine the state...
Ch. 6 - The energy released by the hydrolysis of ATP is...Ch. 6 - Which of the following molecules is likely to have...Ch. 6 - Which of the following is not true about enzymes...Ch. 6 - An allosteric inhibitor does which of the...Ch. 6 - Which of the following analogies best describes...Ch. 6 - Does physical exercise involve anabolic and/or...Ch. 6 - Name two different cellular functions that require...Ch. 6 - Explain in your own words the difference between a...Ch. 6 - Describe the position of the transition state on a...Ch. 6 - Imagine an elaborate ant farm with tunnels and...Ch. 6 - Energy transfers take place constantly in everyday...Ch. 6 - Do you think that the Ea for ATP hydrolysis is...Ch. 6 - With regard to enzymes, why are vitamins necessary...Ch. 6 - Explain in your own words how enzyme feedback...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- You know that the free energy of ATP hydrolysis depends on the ATP/ADP ratio. Given that under standard conditions DGo = -30.5 kJ/mol, what should be DG of ATP hydrolysis under normal intracellular concentrations? [ATP] = 2.3 mM, [ADP] = 0.25 mM, [Pi] = 1.65 mM What is the energy of ATP hydrolysis in a cell that is ATP-depleted? [ATP] = 0.1 mM, [ADP] = 2.8 mM, [Pi] = 1.65 mMarrow_forwardIn the Nernst equation [V = 62 log10 (Co / Ci)], the term Co represents: cell bio the intracellular concentration of calcium the extracellular concentration of potassium the extracellular concentration of sodium the intracellular concentration of potassium the membrane potential (in millivolts)arrow_forwardThe average human generates approximately their own weight in ATP every day. A resting person uses about 25 % of this in ion transport - mostly via the Na*/K* ATPase. About how many grams of Na* and K* will a sedentary 90-kg person pump across membranes in a day assuming 25 % of ATP is used to pump Na* and K* via Na*/K* ATPase?arrow_forward
- What would be the free-energy change generated by the import of one mole of Na+ from a concentration of 10 mM to 150 mM with a membrane potential of −25 mV at 37°C? Give your answer without units and to one decimal place. F = 96.5 kJ/V•molarrow_forward(3.7) Suppose the intracellular pH of an alkaliphile is 8.5 but the extracellular environment is at pH9.5. The cellular membrane of the bacterium has an electric potential of Af = -190 mV. How many c-subunits must the alkaliphilic ATP synthase have for it to work as an ATP synthase rather than proton pump? Assume that the free energy change for the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP is AFp = +50 kJ/mol. Answer:arrow_forwardIn the reaction ATP + glucose → ADP + glucose-6-phosphate, ΔG° is -16.7 kJ/mol. Assume that both ATP and ADP have a concentration of 1 M and T = 25°C. What ratio of glucose-6- phosphate to glucose would allow the reverse reaction to occur?arrow_forward
- In the situations described below, what is the free energy change if 1 mole of Na+ is transported across a membrane from a region where the concentration is 48 μM to a region where it is 110 mM? (Assume T=37∘C.) In the absence of a membrane potential.arrow_forwardConsider the following reaction: Glucose + ATP Glucose 6-phosphate + ADP This reaction has a AG'° = -16.7 kJ/mol. In a cell, it has a AG = -33.4 kJ/mol. Which of the following would make AG less than (more negative than) AG'°? (Pick two.) [ATP] > [ADP] [ATP] [Glucose 6-phosphate] < [Glucose] [Glucose 6-phosphate]arrow_forwardMagnesium ion (Mg2+) forms complexes with the negative charges of the phosphate in ATP. In the absence of Mg2+, would ATP have more, less, or the same stability as when the ion is present?arrow_forward
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