Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 6, Problem 20CTQ
Imagine an elaborate ant farm with tunnels and passageways through the sand where ants live in a large community. Now imagine that an earthquake shook the ground and demolished the ant farm. In which of these two scenarios, before or after the earthquake, was the ant farm system in a state of higher or lower entropy?
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Refute the following: “According to evolutionary theory, organisms have increased in complexity through time. However, an increase in complexity contradicts the second law of thermodynamics. Therefore, evolution is impossible.”
a) Often, we want to think about entropy as the sum of the entropy of an organism and itssurroundings. Write a version of the second law including these two entropies.
b. How does this help you understand how an organism can become more ordered andstill obey the 2nd law?
c. Name some spontaneous processes that increase the entropy of the surroundings whileincreasing the order in an organism.
Which of the following defines the first law of thermodynamics?
A. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
B. The capacity to do work
C. The energy stored in the arrangement of objects in a system
D. Energy tends to disperse spontaneously
Chapter 6 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 6 - Figure 6.8 Look at each of the processes shown,...Ch. 6 - Figure 6.10 If no activation energy were required...Ch. 6 - Figure 6.14 The hydrolysis of one ATP molecule...Ch. 6 - Energy is stored long-term in the bonds of and...Ch. 6 - DNA replication involves unwinding two strands of...Ch. 6 - Consider a pendulum swinging. Which type(s) of...Ch. 6 - Which of the following comparisons or contrasts...Ch. 6 - Which of the following is the best way to judge...Ch. 6 - Which of the following is not an example of an...Ch. 6 - In each of the three systems, determine the state...
Ch. 6 - The energy released by the hydrolysis of ATP is...Ch. 6 - Which of the following molecules is likely to have...Ch. 6 - Which of the following is not true about enzymes...Ch. 6 - An allosteric inhibitor does which of the...Ch. 6 - Which of the following analogies best describes...Ch. 6 - Does physical exercise involve anabolic and/or...Ch. 6 - Name two different cellular functions that require...Ch. 6 - Explain in your own words the difference between a...Ch. 6 - Describe the position of the transition state on a...Ch. 6 - Imagine an elaborate ant farm with tunnels and...Ch. 6 - Energy transfers take place constantly in everyday...Ch. 6 - Do you think that the Ea for ATP hydrolysis is...Ch. 6 - With regard to enzymes, why are vitamins necessary...Ch. 6 - Explain in your own words how enzyme feedback...
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- When a cell uses energy to organize its cell contents to a greater degree than the organization that exists outside the living cell a. energy has been created b.entropy remain the same c.entropy has decreaced d.entropy has increasedarrow_forwardFigure 6.8 Look at each of the processes shown, and decide if it is endergonic or exergonic. In each case, does enthalpy increase or decrease, and does entropy increase or decrease? Figure 6.8 This figure shows some examples of endergonic pr sses (ones that require energy) and exergone processes (ones that release energy). These include (a) a compost ple decomposing (b) a chick developing from a fertilized egg (c) sand art destruction, and (d) a ball rolling down a hill (erods a mor cation of work by Natale Maynor, credit b. modification of work by USDA credite modification of work by Alb modification of work by Harry Malsch)arrow_forwardWhy are the laws of thermodynamics considered laws of nature and not scientific theories? a. We have a complete scientific explanation of energy behavior. b. We understand why energy behaves the way it does but not exactly how it behaves. c. We do not understand how or why energy behaves the way it does. d. We understand how energy behaves but not exactly why it behaves the way it does. e. We cannot be absolutely sure that energy will behave the same under all conditions.arrow_forward
- How can thermodynamically unfavorable reactions, such as the synthesis of DNA and protein polymers, occur in cells? A. Cells couple thermodynamically unfavorable reactions to reactions that result in a positive change in enthalpy. B. Cells couple thermodynamically unfavorable reactions to reactions that release energy. C. Cells couple thermodynamically unfavorable reactions to reactions that have a positive free energy. D. Cells couple thermodynamically unfavorable reactions to reactions that result in a decrease in entropy.arrow_forwardBeginning physics students are often taught the basicconcepts of thermodynamics with two phrases: First,you can never win. Second, you can never break even.Explainarrow_forwardplease see attachedarrow_forward
- The second law of thermodynamics tells us that life evolved in a universe that tends towards disorder. Gases expand to fill the space enclosing them, dissolved molecules spread throughout the solvent containing them, and large molecules fall apart to become smaller ones. Despite this, we know that cells can make large molecules and break them down. Because of the first law of thermodynamics, (energy can't be created or destroyed, but it can be converted between forms) cells can carry out anabolism and catabolism. For example, they can make and breakdown fatty acids. In this question you will consider the strategies cells and enzymes used to perform these processes in the context of biosynthesis and oxidation of fatty acids. Compare and contrast fatty acid biosynthesis and -oxidation.arrow_forwardResearchers examining decomposition in a freshwater marsh estimated the following decomposition rate constants: k = 0.058-0.61 d1 for the soft tissues of fish and waterfowl; and k = 0.03-0.05 d¯ for aquatic plants. Decomposition was measured %3D %3D under similar environmental conditions. (A) Based on the estimated rate constants, which type of material-animal (i.e. fish, waterfowl) or plant (i.e. aquatic plants)-decomposes faster? (B) What is a likely explanation for this pattern? E.g., how would C:N compare between the two materials? [2-3 sentences]arrow_forwardSTs anonools noriw ansgged tenW (4 39) Living organisms increase in complexity as they grow, resulting in a decrease in the entropy of an organism. How does this relate to the second law of thermodynamics? A) Living organisms do not obey the second law of thermodynamics, which states that the entropy of an organism increases with each energy transformation. B) The decrease in entropy is associated with growth of an organism. As a consequence of growth, organisms cause a greater increase in entropy in their environment than the decrease inarrow_forward
- Energy is defined as the ability to cause change. Which is the best reason why? Because energy influences everything. а. b. Because some form of energy is required to produce a change. С. Because energy is everywhere. d. Because energy can change forms.arrow_forwardThe question stated the standard free energy change not the actual free energy change. You solved it based on Delta G (actual free energy change)arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is not correct? a. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. b. Energy cannot change from one form to another. c. Energy tends to disperse spontaneously. d. Energy can be transferred.arrow_forward
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