Campbell Biology 11th Edition - Valuepack
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134833545
Author: Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece Neil A. Campbell Lisa A. Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 54, Problem 54.3CR
Is the disturbance pictured in figure 54.25 more likely to initiate primary or secondary succession? Explain.
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For each of the following disturbances, select either "primary succession" or "secondary succession".
A wildfire rages across an old growth forest,
killing all plants except those with fire
[ Choose ]
resistant root structures.
A flood covers a field in approximately 2 m of
water which persists for 3 days.
[ Choose ]
A huge storm causes a landslide that covers a
[ Choose ]
field of wildflowers in a thick layer of stinky
bacteria-laden mud
A volcano eruption produces lava that
[ Choose ]
completely covers the surrounding slopes
several feet thick.
A farmer releases his cattle into a previously
[ Choose ]
untouched field to graze to their hearts'
content.
A receding glacier uncovers a new
[ Choose ]
rockface which is devoid of soil and
vegetation.
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9:33
Which stage of succession has the strongest interspecific
competition? First stage of succession
Which stage of succession has primarily niche pre-emption
competition?
Climax stage
X
A forest fire destroys a large section of a mature forest. Several years later, the area is covered with a mix of grasses, shrubs, and small trees. The process of ecological recovery in this forest is characterized by the re-establishment of complex plant communities.
1) Is this an example of primary or secondary succession?
2) Which stage of ecological succession is most likely represented by this scenario?
Intermediate stage
Alternative stable stage
Pioneer stage
Climax Community Stage
Chapter 54 Solutions
Campbell Biology 11th Edition - Valuepack
Ch. 54.1 - Explain how competition, predation, and mutualism...Ch. 54.1 - According to the principle of competitive...Ch. 54.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Figure 24.14 illustrates how a...Ch. 54.2 - What two components contribute to species...Ch. 54.2 - How is a food chain different from a food web?Ch. 54.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 54.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Rising atmospheric CO2, levels...Ch. 54.3 - Why do high and low levels of disturbance usually...Ch. 54.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 54.3 - WHAT IF? Most prairies experience regular fires,...
Ch. 54.4 - Describe two hypotheses that explain why species...Ch. 54.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 54.4 - WHAT IF? Based on MacArthur and Wilson's island...Ch. 54.5 - What are pathogens?Ch. 54.5 - WHAT IF? Rabies, a viral disease in mammals, is...Ch. 54 - Interspecific interactions affect the survival and...Ch. 54 - Based on indexes such as Shannon diversity, is a...Ch. 54 - Is the disturbance pictured in figure 54.25 more...Ch. 54 - How have periods of glaciation influenced...Ch. 54 - Prob. 54.5CRCh. 54 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 54 - The principle of competitive exclusion states that...Ch. 54 - Based on the intermediate disturbance hypothesis,...Ch. 54 - According to the island equilibrium model, species...Ch. 54 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 54 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 54 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 54 - The most plausible hypothesis to explain why...Ch. 54 - Community 1 contains 100 individuals distributed...Ch. 54 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 54 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Explain why adaptations of...Ch. 54 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 54 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS In Batesian...Ch. 54 - Prob. 14TYU
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- A corn field is harvested and plowed, removing most---but not all---of the vegetation. The field is then abandoned and soon begins to revegetate. (A) Would this be an example of primary or secondary succession? Explain. (B) If the field remains undisturbed, we would expect the plant community to change over time. What changes might you expect? For example, what characteristics might you expect in the early successional species and what characteristics might you expect in the later successional species? For full credit, be sure to explain how the different characteristics are expected to be beneficial at each successional stage. secondary succession. it is not primer. some physical characteristics change over time like size.arrow_forwardWhich of these hypotheses does not explain why increased CO2 levels in the atmosphere could cause a decrease in the productivity of some crops because of changes in climate? A) There could be increases in average winter temperatures that reduce the growth of crops. B) There could be decreases in precipitation in some regions that reduce growth in some crops. C) There could be shifts in the ranges of some important species in the community, such as pollinators, that cause reduction of growth in some crops.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the effects of clear-cutting on the Amazonian forest are true? Select all that apply. a) Soil moisture is likely to decline. b) Nutrient export is likely to decline. c) Species diversity is likely to decline. d) Atmospheric CO2 is likely to decline.arrow_forward
- Question 4A. According to the core-satellite hypothesis, ______________. A) most species are common. B) abundance and occurrence are linearly related. C) satellite species are found in many sites surrounding core sites. D) core species are found at few sites. Part B The intensity of competition ____________ during secondary succession. Part C Which of these disturbances is most variable in its impact? A) Crown fire B) Hurricane C) Flood D) Glaciationarrow_forwardThe following age and volume data are for a stand of trees Age(yrs) Volume (cubic units) 10 8 20 20 30 38 40 59 50 77 60 92 70 101 How would you estimate the best biological rotation age? If there is a difference between optimal biologic rotation and economic rotation age, explain why. Where does the growth rate peak?arrow_forwardThe box-and-arrow model below summarizes some of the feedback links observed in the Amazon rain forest. Select true statements, based on whether they are represented by the model. (Note that the boxes and arrows in this model are used differently than those in the nutrient cycle models.) Select all of the ones that apply. A) An increase in CO2 increases the frequency of droughts. B) The death of trees promotes the invasion of grasses. C) Tree growth reduces atmospheric CO2. D) The burning of fossil fuels increases atmospheric CO2. E) Drought increases the frequency of forest fires.arrow_forward
- (a) 10% Woody Cover (b) R-0.24 8 P=0.01 5 20 30 50 Years After Abandonment 10 0 0 00 0 0 30 35 40 Degrees Latitude 45 50 30 R-0.34 P<0.01 50% Woody Cover Years After Abandonment 10 20 30 50 5 8 30 35 40 Degrees Latitude 45 In eastern Ohio, most climax communities are forest, defined as having a closed canopy (75%-100% cover) allowing very little light to penetrate to the ground.2 By the end of the study in 2000, is it likely that this old field site (at 40°N) had reached the relative stability of a climax community? (the study began in 1950) A. No. Most forest communities take at least 100 years to reach 75% cover. B. No. According to the graphs, the old field will be at ~50% coverage after 50 years. C. Yes. Unless the area has been disturbed again, it should stay stable after 10% cover. D. Yes. At 40° latitude, over 50% of the old fields were above the stability line on the graph. O A B OC ODarrow_forwardWrite two sentences describing how these macromolecules support the higher trophic levels in the rain forest.arrow_forward11:08 The graph below shows the species richness of a community undergoing secondary succession. The letters R, S, T, and U identify four distinct seres. Answer the questions by identifying the correct sere. Seres can be used as an answer once, more than once, or not at all. Number of Species Time Which sere is dominated by r-selected species? R Which sere shows the EFFECT of strong competition? T Which sere is the climax stage? Xarrow_forward
- Imagine five forest communities, each with one hundred individuals distributed among four different tree species (W, X, Y, and Z). Which forest community would be the most diverse?a) 25W, 25X, 25Y, 25Zb) 70W, 10X, 10Y, 10Zc) 50W, 25X, 15Y, 10Zd) 40W, 30X, 20Y, 10Zarrow_forwardDoes secondary succession occurs on deforested site?arrow_forwardA) Summarize what the data show concerning the change in productivity and mortality of the Amazon rainforest from 1980 to 2015. B) What consequences does this have on the global carbon cycle and climate change?arrow_forward
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