Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Movement of electrons should be indicated using curved arrows for the given reaction.
Concept introduction:
Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products.
Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction.
Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism.
Curved arrows are drawn to show how the electrons move as new covalent bonds are formed existing covalent bonds are broken.
Each arrow represents the simultaneous movement of two electrons from a nucleophile towards an electrophile.
The tail of the arrow is positioned where the electrons are in the reactant; the tail always starts at a lone pair of electron or at a bond.
The head of the arrow points to where these same electrons end up in the product; the arrow always points at an atom or a bond.
(b)
Interpretation:
Movement of electrons should be indicated using curved arrows for the given reaction.
Concept introduction:
Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products.
Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction.
Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism.
Curved arrows are drawn to show how the electrons move as new covalent bonds are formed existing covalent bonds are broken.
Each arrow represents the simultaneous movement of two electrons from a nucleophile towards an electrophile.
The tail of the arrow is positioned where the electrons are in the reactant; the tail always starts at a lone pair of electron or at a bond.
The head of the arrow points to where these same electrons end up in the product; the arrow always points at an atom or a bond.
(c)
Interpretation:
Movement of electrons should be indicated using curved arrows for the given reaction.
Concept introduction:
Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products.
Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction.
Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism.
Curved arrows are drawn to show how the electrons move as new covalent bonds are formed existing covalent bonds are broken.
Each arrow represents the simultaneous movement of two electrons from a nucleophile towards an electrophile.
The tail of the arrow is positioned where the electrons are in the reactant; the tail always starts at a lone pair of electron or at a bond.
The head of the arrow points to where these same electrons end up in the product; the arrow always points at an atom or a bond.
(d)
Interpretation:
Movement of electrons should be indicated using curved arrows for the given reaction.
Concept introduction:
Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products.
Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction.
Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism.
Curved arrows are drawn to show how the electrons move as new covalent bonds are formed existing covalent bonds are broken.
Each arrow represents the simultaneous movement of two electrons from a nucleophile towards an electrophile.
The tail of the arrow is positioned where the electrons are in the reactant; the tail always starts at a lone pair of electron or at a bond.
The head of the arrow points to where these same electrons end up in the product; the arrow always points at an atom or a bond.
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Organic Chemistry
- Finish the indicated reaction by filling in and starting materials, reagents or products as needed arrow_forwardCurved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Use the reaction conditions provided and follow the arrows to draw the reactant, intermediates, and product in this condensation reaction. Include all lone pairs and charges as appropriate. Ignore stereochemistry. Ignore inorganic byproducts.arrow_forwardcomplete this reactionarrow_forward
- Determine the major product of the reaction.arrow_forwardDraw the organic product structure formed by the reaction sequence. Draw the product. Select Draw Rings More Erase H 1. B2H6, diglyme 2. NaOH, H,O, Н-О2arrow_forwardDetermine the number of carbons present in the compound based on the base name. Draw the carbon chain and include any double or triple bonds if indicated in the suffix of the base name. Number each carbon. The carbons can be numbered from left to right or right to left. Draw any substituents on the corresponding carbon atom for which is indicated in the name. Refer to Figures 4 and 5 in the background for a visual representation of numbered carbons with corresponding substituents. Check that each carbon atom has a total of 4 bonds.arrow_forward
- Draw the most stable resonance form for the intermediate in the following electrophilic substitution reaction.arrow_forwardplease helparrow_forwardDraw the structure(s) for the major final product(s) formed in the following reaction sequence. CN ༼་་ SO 503 H₂SO4 Cl FeCl3 Click and drag to start drawing a structure.arrow_forward
- Ether groups are formed when alcohols are treated with acid. Consider the following question that focuses on acid-catalyzed ether formation using alcohol functional groups. There are 3 unique ether products will be formed when the following reaction is performed. Draw the product of the above reaction that has six carbon atoms and an ether functional group. **Be sure to include all lone pairs of electrons.**arrow_forward1. C2H5OH(l) + HCOOH(I) → HCOOC2H5 + H2O(l) 2. C₂H5OH(1)→ C₂H4(g) + H₂O(1) 3. C₂H4(g) + Cl₂(g) → C₂H4C1₂(1) 4. C6H6(1) + Br₂(1)→ C6H5Br(1) + HBr(g) 5. 2C4H10(g) + 1302(g) → 8C0₂(g) + 10H₂O(1) - 6. 2C7Hg() + 150₂(g) → 14CO(g) + 8H₂0(1)arrow_forward7. (Chapters 6 and 8) Within the following set, which is more stable, and why? CH3 CH3 H3C- -C=CH- CH2 H2C=Ć- -CH CH3 8. (Chapter 12) What type of instability will an intermediate need to address following the reaction of a nucleophile/base that has a negative charge with a pi bond that has uneven electron distribution between atoms with different electronegativities (C=O)? 9. (Chapter 9) Circle the carbon that will be unstable in the intermediate of the following reaction. Then, state the reason for your choice, and also indicate what type of instability it will be. H,C-CH,- C ECH with NaNH2 10. (Chapters 12 and 13) What are three sources used to provide electrons to an electron-deficient carbon with a leaving group? 1. 2. 3.arrow_forward
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