Chapter 5, Problem 5.48SP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hybridizations of the various carbon atoms in Oxaloacetic acid has to be determined and approximate bond angles has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Orbital hybridization:

• In hybridization, atomic orbitals are mixed to form new hybrid orbitals.
• The formed hybrid orbitals are having different energies, shapes, etc.,
• The newly formed hybrid orbitals are suitable for the pairing of electrons to give chemical bonds in valence bond theory.
• ${\text{sp}}^{\text{3}}$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.
• ${\text{sp}}^2$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.
• $\text{sp }$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

Bond angle: An angle which is formed between three atoms across at least two bonds is said to be bond angle.

Bond angle of a molecule can be determined by using the following way.

• First draw Lewis structure for the given molecule.
• Find the steric number by using VSEPR theory with the help of electron domain geometry of the given molecule.
• Finally use the VSEPR shape to get the bond angles between the electrons domains present in the given molecule.