Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781285869759
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 5, Problem 5.48P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Using the kinetic molecular theory of gases, it should be determined that although Freon-12 is denser than air, how it can cross stratosphere and destroy ozone layer.
Concept Introduction:
The macroscopic properties of gases like pressure, temperature, volume is explained by kinetic theory of gases. This is explained by considering the molecular composition and motion of molecules of gases.
The pressure of gas is due to particles when they collide with the walls of the container with different velocities.
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Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 5.1PCh. 5.3 - Prob. 5.2PCh. 5.3 - Prob. 5.3PCh. 5.4 - Prob. 5.4PCh. 5.4 - Prob. 5.5PCh. 5.4 - Prob. 5.6PCh. 5.5 - Prob. 5.7PCh. 5.7 - Problem 5-8 Will the molecules in each set form a...Ch. 5.10 - Prob. 5.9PCh. 5.10 - Prob. 5.10P
Ch. 5.10 - Prob. 5.11PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.12PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.13PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.14PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.15PCh. 5 - 5-16 Answer true or false. (a) For a sample of gas...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.17PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.18PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.19PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.20PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.21PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.22PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.23PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.24PCh. 5 - 5-25 A gas in a bulb as in Figure 5-3 registers a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.26PCh. 5 - 5-27 A sample of the inhalation anesthetic gas...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.28PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.29PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.30PCh. 5 - 5-31 A balloon used for atmospheric research has a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.32PCh. 5 - 5-33 A certain quantity of helium gas is at a...Ch. 5 - 5-34 A sample of 30.0 mL of krypton gas, Kr, is at...Ch. 5 - 5-35 A 26.4-mL sample of ethylene gas, C2H4, has a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.36PCh. 5 - 5-37 A sample of a gas at 77°C and 1.33 atm...Ch. 5 - 5-38 What is the volume in liters occupied by 1.21...Ch. 5 - 5-39 An 8.00-g sample of a gas occupies 22.4 L at...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.40PCh. 5 - 5-41 Does the density of a gas increase, decrease,...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.42PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.43PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.44PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.45PCh. 5 - 5-46 Calculate the molar mass of a gas if 3.30 g...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.47PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.48PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.49PCh. 5 - 5-50 How many molecules of CO are in 100. L of CO...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.51PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.52PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.53PCh. 5 - 5-54 Automobile air bags are inflated by nitrogen...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.55PCh. 5 - 5-56 The three main components of dry air and the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.57PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.58PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.59PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.60PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.61PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.62PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.63PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.64PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.65PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.66PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.67PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.68PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.69PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.70PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.71PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.72PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.73PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.74PCh. 5 - 5-75 The heat of vaporization of liquid Freon-12,...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.76PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.77PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.78PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.79PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.80PCh. 5 - 5-81 Compare the number of calories absorbed when...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.82PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.83PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.84PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.85PCh. 5 - 5-86 Using the phase diagram of water (Figure...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.87PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.88PCh. 5 - 5-89 (Chemical Connections 5C) In a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.90PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.91PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.92PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.93PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.94PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.95PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.96PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.97PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.98PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.99PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.100PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.101PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.102PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.103PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.104PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.105PCh. 5 - 5-106 The normal boiling point of hexane, C6H14,...Ch. 5 - 5-107 If 60.0 g of NH3 occupies 35.1 L under a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.108PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.109PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.110PCh. 5 - 5-111 Diving, particularly SCUBA (Self-Contained...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.112PCh. 5 - 5-113 Ammonia and gaseous hydrogen chloride react...Ch. 5 - 5-114 Carbon dioxide gas, saturated with water...Ch. 5 - 5-115 Ammonium nitrite decomposes upon heating to...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.116PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.117PCh. 5 - 5-118 Isooctane, which has a chemical formula...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.119PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.120P
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- 5-56 The three main components of dry air and the percentage of each are nitrogen (78.08%), oxygen (20.95%), and argon (0.93%). (a) Calculate the partial pressure of each gas in a sample of dry air at 760 mm Hg. (b) Calculate the total pressure exerted by these three gases combined.arrow_forward5-114 Carbon dioxide gas, saturated with water vapor, can be produced by the addition of aqueous acid to calcium carbonate based on the following balanced net ionic equation: (a) How many moles of wet CO (g), collected at 60.°C and 774 torr total pressure, are produced by the complete reaction of 10.0 g of CaCO3 with excess acid? (b) What volume does this wet CO2 occupy? (c) What volume would the CO2 occupy at 774 torr if a desiccant (a chemical drying agent) were added to remove the water? The vapor pressure of water at 60.°C is 149.4 mm Hg.arrow_forward5-33 A certain quantity of helium gas is at a temperature of 27 °C and a pressure of 1.00 atm. What will the new temperature be if its volume is doubled at the same time that its pressure is decreased to one-half its original value?arrow_forward
- 5-118 Isooctane, which has a chemical formula C8H18 is the component of gasoline from which the term octane rating derives. (a) Write the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of isooctane. (b) The density of isooctane is 0.792 g/mL. How many kg of C02 are produced each year by the annual U.S. gasoline consumption of L? (c) What is the volume in liters of this CO2 at STP? (d) The chemical formula for isooctane can be represented by (CH3)3CCH2CH(CH3)2. Draw a Lewis structure of isooctane. (e) Another molecule with the same molecular formula is octane, which can be represented by: When comparing isooctane and octane, one structure is observed to have a boiling point of 99°C, while another is known to have a boiling point Of 125°C. Which substance, isooctane or octane, is expected to have the higher boiling point? (f) Determine whether isooctane or octane is expected to have the greater vapor pressure.arrow_forward5-41 Does the density of a gas increase, decrease, or stay the same as the pressure increases at constant temperature? As the temperature increases at constant pressure?arrow_forward5-39 An 8.00-g sample of a gas occupies 22.4 L at 2.00 atm and 273 K. What is the molar mass of the gas?arrow_forward
- 5-37 A sample of a gas at 77°C and 1.33 atm occupies a volume of 50.3 L. (a) How many moles of the gas are present? (b) Does your answer depend on knowing what gas it is?arrow_forwardGiven that a sample of air is made up of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon in the mole fractions 0.78 N2, 0.21 O2, and 0.010 Ar, what is the density of air at standard temperature and pressure?arrow_forward93 The complete combustion of octane can be used as a model for the burning of gasoline: 2C8H18+25O216CO2+18H2O Assuming that this equation provides a reasonable model of the actual combustion process, what volume of air at 1.0 atm and 25°C must be taken into an engine to burn 1 gallon of gasoline? (The partial pressure of oxygen in air is 0.21 atm and the density of liquid octane is 0.70 g/mL.)arrow_forward
- A 1.0-L flask contains 10.0 g each of O2 and CO2 at 25 C. (a) Which gas has the greater partial pressure, O2 or CO2, or are they the same? (b) Which molecules have the greater rms speed, or are they the same? (c) Which molecules have the greater average kinetic energy, or are they the same?arrow_forward5-111 Diving, particularly SCUBA (Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus) diving, subjects the body to increased pressure. Each 10. m (approximately 33 ft) of water exerts an additional pressure of 1 atm on the body. (a) What is the pressure on the body at a depth of 100. ft? (b) The partial pressure of nitrogen gas in air at 1 atm is 593 mm Hg. Assuming a SCUBA diver breathes compressed air, what is the partial pressure of nitrogen entering the lungs from a breathing tank at a depth of 100. ft? (c) The partial pressure of oxygen gas in the air at 2 atm is 158 mm Hg. What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the air in the lungs at a depth of 100. ft? (d) Why is it absolutely essential to exhale vigorously in a rapid ascent from a depth of 100. ft?arrow_forward5-54 Automobile air bags are inflated by nitrogen gas. When a significant collision occurs, an electronic sensor triggers the decomposition of sodium azide to form nitrogen gas and sodium metal. The nitrogen gas then inflates nylon bags, which protect the driver and front-seat passenger from impact with the dashboard and windshield. What volume of nitrogen gas measured at 1 atm and 27°C is formed by the decomposition of 100. g of sodium azide?arrow_forward
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