Chapter 5, Problem 5.27NP

Under anaerobic conditions, glucose is broken down in muscle tissue to form lactic acid according to the reaction ${\text{C}}_{\text{6}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}{\text{O}}_{\text{6}}\left(\text{s}\right)\to {\text{2CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{CHOHCOOH}\left(\text{s}\right)$. Thermodynamic data at $\text{T}=\text{298 K}$ for glucose and lactic acid are given in the following table:

Calculate, $\Delta S$ for the system, the surroundings, and the universe at $\text{T}=\text{325 K}$. Assume the heat capacities are constant between $\text{T}=\text{298 K}$ and $\text{T}=\text{330}\text{. K}$.