Thermodynamics, Statistical Thermodynamics, & Kinetics
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321766182
Author: Thomas Engel, Philip Reid
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Question
Chapter 5, Problem 5.21NP
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
From the following data, derive the absolutely entropy of crystalline glycine at T = 300.K
Concept Introduction :
In
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E The Carnot cycle, which is a particular example of a thermodynamic cycle, allows determining the
efficiency of a "heat-to-work" engine. Clausius used this to find the macroscopic definition of
entropy as the heat change of the system at a particular temperature. Th and T are the high and low
qh and q for the heats transferred at these temperatures. When plotted in a T-S
temperatures and
representation, entropy only changes in the processes (steps) where heat is added or removed.
However, when plotting the Carnot cycle in the P-V representation it is clear that work is done (on or
by) the system in each of the 4 processes of the cycle.
a) Give the names of the 2 processes of the Carnot cycle (an engine) in which the surroundings do
work on the system. Indicate the condition(s) of the walls for these processes.
b) Consider the microscopic, i.e., Boltzmann's, definition of entropy for an ideal gas. Briefly discuss
what needs to be satisfied so that there is no change of entropy during a…
Nn.131.
Subject :- Chemistry
(a) In which process is there a greater change in entropy, an isothermal or an adiabatic?
Explain your answer.
(b) 1 mole of NOz(e) at 1 atmosphere or 1 mole of NO2(g) at 0.05 atmosphere and both are at the
same temperature. Which case the entropy is greater and why?
(c) Starting from Gibbs's Free energy Equation, get the mathematical equation for the
equilibrium temperature.
(d) When a pure crystalline substance is at absolute zero temperature, what will happen to its
entropy? Write the principle or law that is related to your answer.
(e) Give an example of a gas phase reaction, where the entropy in the forward path is negative?
Explain how your example gives negative entropy.
Chapter 5 Solutions
Thermodynamics, Statistical Thermodynamics, & Kinetics
Ch. 5 - Under what conditions is S0 for a spontaneous...Ch. 5 - Why are Sfustion and Svaporization always...Ch. 5 - An ideal gas in thermal contact with the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.4CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.5CPCh. 5 - You are told that S=0 for a process in which the...Ch. 5 - Under what conditions does the equality S=H/T...Ch. 5 - Is the following statement true or false? If it is...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.9CPCh. 5 - One Joule of work is done on a system, raising its...
Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.11CPCh. 5 - An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic expansion into...Ch. 5 - When a saturated solution of a salt is cooled, a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.14CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.15CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.16CPCh. 5 - Why is the efficiency of a Carnot heat engine the...Ch. 5 - Two vessels of equal volume, pressure and...Ch. 5 - Solid methanol in thermal contact with the...Ch. 5 - Can incandescent lighting be regarded as an...Ch. 5 - The Chalk Point, Maryland, generating station...Ch. 5 - An electrical motor is used to operate a Carnot...Ch. 5 - An air conditioner is a refrigerator with the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.5NPCh. 5 - The average heat evolved by the oxidation of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.9NPCh. 5 - The maximum theoretical efficiency of an internal...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.11NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.12NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.13NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.14NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.15NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.16NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.17NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.18NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.19NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.20NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.21NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.22NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.23NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.24NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.25NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.26NPCh. 5 - Under anaerobic conditions, glucose is broken down...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.28NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.29NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.30NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.31NPCh. 5 - Calculate Ssurroundings and Stotal for the...Ch. 5 - A refrigerator is operated by a 0.25-hp...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.34NPCh. 5 - Between C and 100C, the heat capacity of Hg(l) is...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.36NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.37NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.38NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.39NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.40NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.41NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.42NPCh. 5 - An ideal gas sample containing 1.75 moles for...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.44NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.45NP
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Similar questions
- Billions of pounds of acetic acid are made each year, much of it by the reaction of methanol with carbon monoxide. (AssumeT= 298 K.) CH3OH() + CO(g) CH3COOH() (a) By calculating the standard Gibbs free energy change, rG, for this reaction, show that it is product-favored. (b) Determine the standard Gibbs free energy change, rG,for the reaction of acetic acid with oxygen to form gaseous carbon dioxide and liquid water. (c) Based on this result, is acetic acid thermodynamicallystable compared with CO2(g) and H2O()? (d) Is acetic acid kinetically stable compared with CO2(g)and H2O()?arrow_forwardIn the thermodynamic definition of a spontaneous process, why is it important that the phrase “continuous intervention” be used rather than just “intervention?”arrow_forwardUnder what conditions is the entropy of a substance equal to zero?arrow_forward
- Explain why absolute entropies can be measured.arrow_forwardUse data from Appendix D to calculate the standardentropy change at 25°C for the reaction CH3COOH(g)+NH3(g)CH3NH2(g)+CO2(g)+H2(g) Suppose that 1.00 mol each of solid acetamide, CH3CONH2(s), and water, H2O(l), react to give thesame products. Will the standard entropy change belarger or smaller than that calculated for the reactionin part (a)?arrow_forwardExplain why the statement No process is 100 efficient is not the best statement of the second law of thermodynamics.arrow_forward
- What is the entropy change for an ideal Carnot cycle? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardWhat is the sign of the standard Gibbs free-energy change at low temperatures and at high temperatures for the combustion of acetaldehyde? CH3CHO(l)+52O2(g)2CO2+2H2O(l)arrow_forwardThe synthesis of glucose directly from CO2 and H2O and the synthesis of proteins directly from amino acids are both non-spontaneous processes under standard conditions. Yet it is necessary for these to occur for life to exist. In light of the second law of thermodynamics, how can life exist?arrow_forward
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