Chapter 5, Problem 5.108AQAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The element which is a halogen should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

According to periodic trends, the atomic size of the element increases from top to bottom, thus, the amount of energy required removing an electron from its outermost shell decreases and it can easily give an electron and show metallic characteristic. Thus, on moving top to bottom, metallic character of an element increases.

Similarly, on moving left to right in a period, atomic size decreases thus, amount of energy required to remove an electron increases and it is difficult to remove an electron. Thus, non-metallic character increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The element which has the smallest atomic size should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

According to periodic trends, the atomic size of the element increases from top to bottom, thus, the amount of energy required removing an electron from its outermost shell decreases and it can easily give an electron and show metallic characteristic. Thus, on moving top to bottom, metallic character of an element increases.

Similarly, on moving left to right in a period, atomic size decreases thus, amount of energy required to remove an electron increases and it is difficult to remove an electron. Thus, non-metallic character increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The element which has the lowest ionization energy should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

According to periodic trends, the atomic size of the element increases from top to bottom, thus, the amount of energy required removing an electron from its outermost shell decreases and it can easily give an electron and show metallic characteristic. Thus, on moving top to bottom, metallic character of an element increases.

Similarly, on moving left to right in a period, atomic size decreases thus, amount of energy required to remove an electron increases and it is difficult to remove an electron. Thus, non-metallic character increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The element which requires the most energy to remove an electron from its outermost shell should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

According to periodic trends, the atomic size of the element increases from top to bottom, thus, the amount of energy required removing an electron from its outermost shell decreases and it can easily give an electron and show metallic characteristic. Thus, on moving top to bottom, metallic character of an element increases.

Similarly, on moving left to right in a period, atomic size decreases thus, amount of energy required to remove an electron increases and it is difficult to remove an electron. Thus, non-metallic character increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The element which is found in group 2A (2) and period 4 should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

According to periodic trends, the atomic size of the element increases from top to bottom, thus, the amount of energy required removing an electron from its outermost shell decreases and it can easily give an electron and show metallic characteristic. Thus, on moving top to bottom, metallic character of an element increases.

Similarly, on moving left to right in a period, atomic size decreases thus, amount of energy required to remove an electron increases and it is difficult to remove an electron. Thus, non-metallic character increases.