Chapter 5, Problem 5.100AQAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The elements with the given electronic configuration should be identified as a metal, non-metal or metalloid.

Concept Introduction:

The elements which can donate electrons to get the stable electronic configuration are metal, elements that can accept electrons are non-metal. The elements with characteristics of both metals and non-metals are metalloids.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The element with the smallest atomic size should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

According to the periodic trends, the atomic size of the element increases on moving top to bottom in a group due to addition of one shell and decreases on moving left to right in a group due to increase in atomic number.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The element with the highest ionization energy should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Ionization energy is defined as the amount of energy required to remove an electron from its outermost shell. According to periodic trends, it decreases on moving top to bottom in a group due to increase in size and it increases on moving left to right in a period due to decrease in size.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The element with the half-filled sublevel should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The relative energy of orbitals is represented as follows:

A s orbital can have maximum of 2 electrons, p orbital can have maximum of 6 electrons. Similarly, maximum electrons that a d and f orbital can have are 10 and 14 respectively.