Chapter 5, Problem 5.102AQAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The name of the element that corresponds to the electronic configuration $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{1}3d^5$ should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The relative energy of orbitals is represented as follows:

A s orbital can have maximum of 2 electrons, p orbital can have maximum of 6 electrons. Similarly, maximum electrons that a d and f orbital can have are 10 and 14 respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The name of the element that corresponds to the electronic configuration $\left[Xe\right]6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^{10}6p^5$ should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The relative energy of orbitals is represented as follows:

A s orbital can have maximum of 2 electrons, p orbital can have maximum of 6 electrons. Similarly, maximum electrons that a d and f orbital can have are 10 and 14 respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The name of the element from halogen family with the highest ionization energy should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Ionization energy is defined as the amount of energy required to remove an electron from its outermost shell. According to periodic trends, it decreases on moving top to bottom in a group due to increase in size and it increases on moving left to right in a period due to decrease in size.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The name of the element that corresponds to the group 2A (2) element with the lowest ionization energy should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Ionization energy is defined as the amount of energy required to remove an electron from its outermost shell. According to periodic trends, it decreases on moving top to bottom in a group due to increase in size and it increases on moving left to right in a period due to decrease in size.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The name of the element that corresponds to the period 4 element with the smallest atomic size should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

According to the periodic trends, the atomic size of the element increases on moving top to bottom in a group due to addition of one shell and decreases on moving left to right in a group due to increase in atomic number.