Nutrition: Concepts and Controversies
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305886865
Author: Sizer, Frances , WHITNEY, Ellie
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 5, Problem 11SC
Summary Introduction
To determine:
If chylomicrons are a class of lipoprotein produced in the liver.
Introduction:
The chylomicrons are small molecule made up of fat and some proteins. The basic function of chylomicrons is to transport triglycerides throughout the body. They consist of cholesterol and proteins which travels towards the liver from the enterocytes.
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Nutrition: Concepts and Controversies
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- If the fat in whole milk is ingested: a. the stomach, with its high pH, will stimulate cells of the duodenum to hasten stomach emptying. b. parietal cells in the stomach will absorb it. c. in the small intestine, bile salts emulsify the fats and then lipase hydrolyzes them. d. lactase deficiency in the small intestine would prevent its digestion. e. microvilli will absorb the fat in the form of chylomicrons directly into the blood of the hepatic portal vein.arrow_forwardLipids are transported from the intestine to the liver by (a) chylomicrons (b) HDLs (c) LDLs (d) glycerol transporters (e) leptinarrow_forwardWhen William H. was helping victims after a devastating earthquake in a region not prepared to swiftly set up adequate temporary shelter, he developed severe diarrhea. He was diagnosed as having cholera, a disease transmitted through unsanitary water supplies contaminated by fecal material from infected indiv iduals. The toxin produced by cholera bacteria causes Cl- channels in the lurninal membranes of the intestinal cells to stay open, thereby increasing the secretion of Cl- from the cells into the intestinal tract lumen. By what mechanisms would Na+ and water be secreted into the lumen in conjunction with Cl- secretion? How does this secretory response account for the severe diarrhea that is characteristic of cholera?arrow_forward
- Watch this animation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/sintestine) that depicts the structure of the small intestine, and, in particular, the villi. Epithelial cells continue the digestion and absorption of nutrients and transport these nutrients to the lymphatic and circulatory systems. In the small intestine, the products of food digestion are absorbed by different structures in the villi. Which structure absorbs and transports fats?arrow_forwardThe human AMY-1 gene encodes salivary amylase, an enzyme that breaks down starch. The number of copies of this gene varies, and people who have more copies generally make more of the enzyme. In addition, the average number of AMY-1 copies differs among cultural groups. George Perry and his colleagues hypothesized that duplications of the AMY-1 gene would confer a selective advantage in cultures in which starch is a large part of the diet. To test this hypothesis, the scientists compared the number of copies of the AMY-1 gene among members of seven cultural groups that differed in their traditional diets. The Figure shows their results. Starchy tubers are a mainstay of Hadza hunter-gatherers in Africa, whereas fishing sustains Siberias Yakut. Almost 60% of Yakut had fewer than 5 copies of the AMY-1 gene. What percentage of the Hadza had fewer than 5 copies? FIGURENumber of copies of the AMY-1 gene among members of cultures with traditional high-starch or low-starch diets. Source: G. Perry et al. 2007. Diet and the evolution of human amylase gene copy number variation. Nature Genetics 39:12561260.arrow_forwardThe order of successive steps in digestion is: a. absorption follows enzymatic hydrolysis. b. secretion of enzymes follows absorption of digestive material. c. mechanical processing follows enzyme secretion. d. mechanical processing follows enzymatic hydrolysis. e. enzymatic hydrolysis precedes secretion of digestive aids.arrow_forward
- Figure 16.7 Which of the following statements about the digestive system is false? a. Chyme is a mixture of food and digestive juices that is produced in the stomach. b. Food enters the large intestine before the small intestine. c. In the small intestine, chyme mixes with bile, which emulsifies fats. d. The stomach is separated from the small intestine by the pyloric sphincter.arrow_forwardMatch each organ with its digestive function in humans. _____ gallbladder a. final stop for digestive waste _____ salivary gland b. makes bile _____ colon c. compacts undigested residues _____ liver d. adds enzymes to small intestine _____ esophagus e. delivers food to the stomach _____ rectum f. stores, secretes bile _____ stomach g. secretes gastric fluid _____ pancreas h. secretes enzyme that begins starch digestionarrow_forwardA python can survive by eating a large meal once or twice a year. When it does eat, microvilli in its small intestine lengthen fourfold and its stomach pH drops from 7 to 1. Explain the benefits or these changes.arrow_forward
- Figure 34.12 Which of the following statements about the small intestine is false? Absorptive cells that line the small intestine have microvilli, small projections that increase surface area and aid in the absorption of food. The inside of the small intestine has many folds, called villi. Microvilli are lined with blood vessels as well as lymphatic vessels. The inside of the small intestine is called the lumen.arrow_forwardMatch each substance with its description. __ gastrin a. enzyme that acts in stomach __ dentin b. emulsifies fats __ bicarbonate c. breaks down polysaccharides __ bile d. raises the pH of chyme __ salivary amylase e. makes up the bulk of a tooth __ pepsin f. hormone made by stomacharrow_forwardMatch each substance with its description. _____ gastrin a. enzyme that acts in thestomach _____ secretin b. produced by colon bacteria _____ bicarbonate c. breaks down polysaccharides _____ bile d. raises the pH of chyme _____ salivary amylase e. stimulates bicarbonate secretion by the pancreas _____ pepsin f. hormone made by stomach _____ short chain fatty acids(SCFAs) g. emulsifies fatsarrow_forward
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