Campbell Biology: Australian And New Zealand Edition + Mastering Biology With Etext
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781488687075
Author: Lisa, A. Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 49, Problem 49.1CR
How does the circuitry of a reflex facilitate a rapid response?
Expert Solution & Answer
Summary Introduction
To review: How the circuitry of a reflex produces a rapid response.
Introduction:
Reflexes are the autonomic responses that are coordinated with the spinal cord through sensory, motor and interneurons. The response is produced by making rapid adjustments in the organs function. The reflex produces the same type of response, each time it is activated.
Explanation of Solution
Spinal cord in the vertebrates runs lengthwise and conveys information to and from the brain. It also generates certain types of locomotion. It acts as a part of the nerve circuitry system, that produces automatic responses to the stimuli known as reflex.
A reflex protects the body by producing a rapid, involuntary response to the stimulus. The reflexes are rapid, since the sensory neurons directly activate the motor neurons. The information is not passed from the spinal cord to the brain and from the brain, back to the spinal cord. Most of the reflexes are stereotyped and produces a same response everytime. The reflexes are rapid, when the stimulus is applied to the periphery, it travels to the central nervous system and back to the periphery involving only few neuronal circuits.
Conclusion
Spinal cord has a neural circuitry to generate stereotypical reflexes which are rapid, when a stimulus is applied peripherally. The response is produced by involuntary action.
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IV Bolus
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Beta
Alpha
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Conc (ng/ml)
LN
(ng/ml)
LN
(ng/ml)
LN
0.00
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
0.10
12.290
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#NUM!
#NUMI
0.60
6.975
1.942
#NUM!
#NUMI
1.00
4.649
1.537
#NUM!
#NUMI
2.00
2.201
0.789
#NUM!
#NUM!
3.00
1.536
0.429
#NUM!
#NUM!
4.00
1.342
0.294
#NUM!
#NUM!
5.00
1.273
0.241
#NUM!
#NUMI
6.00
1.238
0.213
#NUM!
#NUM!
7.00
1.212
0.192
#NUM!
#NUM!
8.00
1.188
0.172
#NUMI
#NUM!
9.00
1.165
0.153
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10.00
1.143
0.134
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11.00
1.122
0.115
#NUM!
12.00
1.101
0.096
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13.00
1.080
0.077
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16.00
1.020
0.020
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24.00
0.876
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Chapter 49 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Australian And New Zealand Edition + Mastering Biology With Etext
Ch. 49.1 - Which division of the autonomic nervous system...Ch. 49.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 49.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 49.2 - When you wave your right hand, what part of your...Ch. 49.2 - People who are inebriated have difficulty touching...Ch. 49.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 49.3 - How can studying individuals with damage to a...Ch. 49.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 49.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 49.4 - How can studying individuals with damage to a...
Ch. 49.4 - Individuals with localized brain damage have been...Ch. 49.4 - WHAT IF? Suppose that a person with damage to the...Ch. 49.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 49.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 49.5 - WHAT IF? If you could detect early-stage...Ch. 49 - How does the circuitry of a reflex facilitate a...Ch. 49 - What roles do the midbrain, cerebellum, thalamus,...Ch. 49 - A patient has trouble with language and has...Ch. 49 - Prob. 49.4CRCh. 49 - Prob. 49.5CRCh. 49 - Activation of the parasympathetic branch of the...Ch. 49 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 49 - Patients with damage to Wernickes area have...Ch. 49 - The cerebral cortex does not play a major role in...Ch. 49 - After suffering a stroke, a patient can see...Ch. 49 - Injury localized to the hypothalamus would most...Ch. 49 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 49 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 49 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Consider an individual who had...Ch. 49 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 49 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INFORMATION In a short essay...Ch. 49 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Imagine you are standing...
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