Concept explainers
Introduction:
The brain is a complex system that controls various activities. The limbic system is a set of brain structures that are present beneath the thalamus. The limbic system is involved in emotion, memory, learning, and motivation. Amygdala is an almond-shaped mass of nuclei located near the base of the cerebrum. It controls the emotional memory such as a frightening event that can trigger faster heart rate, sweating or fear. The medulla oblongata is the lower part of the brain stem. It deals with the autonomic functions, homeostatic functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. The cerebellum is a part of the hindbrain. It controls involuntary activities such as blood circulation and coordinates motor activities such as locomotion.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 49 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Australian And New Zealand Edition + Mastering Biology With Etext
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is made by groups of ciliated glial cells called [ Select ] in clumps called (A) [ Select ] which are mostly located in cavities within the brain called (B) ventricles . CSF flows out of those cavities into the (C) ventricular space, which sits deep to the dura mater and is held open by strands of tissue called arachnoid (D) villi . This space surrounds the brain and the spinal cord and carries waste from the CNS to the circulatory system. After circulating around the brain and spinal cord, CSF drains back into the circulatory system in spaces called (E) subarachnoid space .arrow_forwardCoordination and timing of movements and balance are functions of which of the following brain structures? a- basal ganglia b- motor cortex c- midbrain motor centers d- cerebellumarrow_forwardDue to a traumatic injury to Daniel's head, he has to go through a critical surgery where a part of his brain called as hippocampus has been removed by the neurosurgeon. Based on your knowledge, what will the consequence of such surgery on Daniel's brain function and what kind of challenges, he is likely to face if he survived post critical surgery? Justify your answer.arrow_forward
- Choose the correct brain structure from the key for each of the following descriptions. Some letters are used more than once. Key: (a) cerebellum (b) superior and inferior colliculi (c) striatum (d) corpus callosum (e) hypothalamus (f) medulla (g) midbrain (h) pons (i) thalamus__(1) basal nuclei (ganglia) involved in motor activities; related toHuntington’s disease__(2) region where there is a crossover of fibers of pyramidal tracts__(3) control of temperature, autonomic nervous system, hunger, andwater balance__(4) contains the substantia nigra and red nucleus__(5) involved in visual and auditory reflexes; found in midbrain__(6) part of diencephalon with vital centers controlling heart rate,some aspects of emotion, and blood pressure__(7) all inputs to cerebral cortex must first synapse in one of its nuclei__(8) brain area that has folia and coordinates movements __(9) brain region that contains the cerebral aqueduct __(10) associated with fourth ventricle and contains nuclei of…arrow_forwardEpilepsy is a neurological disorder that disrupts neural activities and causes recurrent seizures. About 70% of people with epilepsy can be treated with medication to prevent seizures from occurring. If medication does not work, surgery is an option for some patients. One of the procedures involves cutting the brain so that the seizures cannot be spread to other parts of the brain. A common goal of the surgical procedure to treat epileptic seizures is to reduce the connection between the two hemispheres of the brain. By cutting through this structure, an epileptic seizure occurring on one side of the brain will not be spread to the other side. Identify the structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain.arrow_forwardIn your own words, can you differentiate a nerve from a tract, a nucleus from a ganglion?arrow_forward
- The concept of “labeled lines” states that each nerve input to the brain reports only a particular type of information, such as auditory versus visual information. Does this happen because the nature of the nerve fibers conveying the information is unique or because the nature of the brain location where the signals are received is unique? How do you know this?arrow_forwardYou are walking to class, pondering the intricacies of physiology, when you trip over an uneven place in the sidewalk and fall. Unhurt but embarrassed and angry, you jump up and glance around to see if anyone is watching. From your knowledge of neuroanatomy and function, explain how the following areas of the brain might be involved in this scenario: cerebrum cerebellum limbic systemarrow_forwardThe limbic system is composed of several interconnected structures including the olfactory bulbs, amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, subcallosal gyrus, septal nuclei, mammillary bodies, and the thalamus. Pair each of these structures with their function listed below: -This limbic area is active when you are trying to memorize the names of brain areas. It is also severely atrophied in people suffering from late stages of Alzheimer’s Disease. -This limbic area is active when you are watching something that makes you feel sad. -This limbic area is active when you feel thirsty. -When the activity of this limbic area is increased you feel a sense of pleasure. -When this limbic area is damaged it often results in patients experiencing anterograde amnesia. -Damage to this limbic structure while rare often results in patients going into a coma. -This cortical limbic structure plays a large role in motivation and movement and has recently been…arrow_forward
- Which nervous system component belongs to its corressponding motor pathway? Nervous System Compnent Motor Pathway Cerebellum A) plan and initiate voluntary movements Spinal Cord B) refine and adjust movements Brainstem C) relay commands to most muscles below the neck Frontal Lobe D) relay commands to muscles of facial expression, eye movement, chewing, and swallowingarrow_forwardWhich of the following are the four segments of the brain stem? - right hemisphere, left hemisphere, motor area, and sensory area - cerebrum, cerebellum, midbrain, and cranial nerve - frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal - medulla oblongata, pons, hypothalamus, and thalamusarrow_forwardClusters of neuron cell bodies within the peripheral nervous system area. ganglia. c. nuclei.b. fascicles. d. laminae.arrow_forward
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning