Hormones are the chemical compounds found in plants and animals with different chemical and structural formulas. In animals, hormones are secreted by either endocrine or exocrine glands. These are present at different locations. Steroid hormones are of two types in animals: sex steroids and corticosteroids. Steroid hormones are long-term hormones: they are in the system for a longer period of time as compared to the other kinds of hormones.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 49, Problem 2TYK

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

Hormones are the chemical compounds found in plants and animals with different chemical and structural formulas. In animals, hormones are secreted by either endocrine or exocrine glands. These are present at different locations. Steroid hormones are of two types in animals: sex steroids and corticosteroids. Steroid hormones are long-term hormones: they are in the system for a longer period of time as compared to the other kinds of hormones.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 2TYK

Correct answer:

Steroid hormones being lipid soluble can easily pass through the plasma membrane (a lipid bilayer). The receptors for lipid soluble hormones exist inside the cell.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/Justification for the correct answer:

Option (a) is given as steroid hormones being lipid soluble can cross the plasma membrane. Animal hormones are mostly amino acid derivatives, steroids, or polypeptides. Steroid hormones belong to the category of lipid-soluble hormones. They have a lipid nature, which makes it easier for them to be transported across the cell membranes and bind to receptors located in the membranes of target cells. Hence, option (a) is correct.

Explanation for the incorrect answer:

Option (b) is given as that amino acid derived and polypeptide hormones are longer lived and have a greater signal amplification. However, it is the steroid hormone, which lasts longer in the circulation as compared to the given hormones in the option. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (c) is given as that complexity of polypeptide hormones is more than steroid hormones and they induce permanent change. Polypeptide or protein hormones are short-acting in nature. Steroid hormones have a longer life period than polypeptide hormones. The complexity does not define the effect of any hormone. The effects of these hormones are not permanent. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (d) is given as that it is the steroid hormones alone can bind to the receptors in the cell surface. Polypeptide hormones are the ones that usually bind to the cell surface. Polypeptide hormones after binding to the cell surface receptors initiate a cascade of secondary reactions. The receptors for steroid hormones can be in the cytoplasm, cell membrane, or intra-nuclear. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that the steroid hormones are known to act by binding to intracellular receptors. These receptors can be inside the nucleus also. The ability to cross the plasma membrane is due to the hydrophobic nature of both steroid hormones and plasma membrane.

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Alleles at the P locus control seed color. Plants which are pp have white seeds, white flowers and no pigment in vegetative parts. Plants which are P_ have black seeds, purple flowers and may have varying degrees of pigment on stems and leaves. Seed color can be assessed, visually, based on if the seed is white or not white A gene for mold resistance has been reported and we want to determine its inheritance and whether it is linked to P. For the purposes of this exercise, we will assume that resistance is controlled by a single locus M, and M_ plants are resistant and mm plants are susceptible. Resistance can be measured, under greenhouse conditions, 2 weeks after planting, by injecting each seedling with a spore suspension. After two weeks, the seedlings can be rated as resistant or susceptible, based on whether or not tissue is actively sporulating. For this exercise we will use seed and data from the F10 generation of a recombinant inbred population produced using single seed…

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 49, Problem 2TYK

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

Hormones are the chemical compounds found in plants and animals with different chemical and structural formulas. In animals, hormones are secreted by either endocrine or exocrine glands. These are present at different locations. Steroid hormones are of two types in animals: sex steroids and corticosteroids. Steroid hormones are long-term hormones: they are in the system for a longer period of time as compared to the other kinds of hormones.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 2TYK

Correct answer:

Steroid hormones being lipid soluble can easily pass through the plasma membrane (a lipid bilayer). The receptors for lipid soluble hormones exist inside the cell.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/Justification for the correct answer:

Option (a) is given as steroid hormones being lipid soluble can cross the plasma membrane. Animal hormones are mostly amino acid derivatives, steroids, or polypeptides. Steroid hormones belong to the category of lipid-soluble hormones. They have a lipid nature, which makes it easier for them to be transported across the cell membranes and bind to receptors located in the membranes of target cells. Hence, option (a) is correct.

Explanation for the incorrect answer:

Option (b) is given as that amino acid derived and polypeptide hormones are longer lived and have a greater signal amplification. However, it is the steroid hormone, which lasts longer in the circulation as compared to the given hormones in the option. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (c) is given as that complexity of polypeptide hormones is more than steroid hormones and they induce permanent change. Polypeptide or protein hormones are short-acting in nature. Steroid hormones have a longer life period than polypeptide hormones. The complexity does not define the effect of any hormone. The effects of these hormones are not permanent. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (d) is given as that it is the steroid hormones alone can bind to the receptors in the cell surface. Polypeptide hormones are the ones that usually bind to the cell surface. Polypeptide hormones after binding to the cell surface receptors initiate a cascade of secondary reactions. The receptors for steroid hormones can be in the cytoplasm, cell membrane, or intra-nuclear. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that the steroid hormones are known to act by binding to intracellular receptors. These receptors can be inside the nucleus also. The ability to cross the plasma membrane is due to the hydrophobic nature of both steroid hormones and plasma membrane.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 49, Problem 2TYK

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

Hormones are the chemical compounds found in plants and animals with different chemical and structural formulas. In animals, hormones are secreted by either endocrine or exocrine glands. These are present at different locations. Steroid hormones are of two types in animals: sex steroids and corticosteroids. Steroid hormones are long-term hormones: they are in the system for a longer period of time as compared to the other kinds of hormones.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 2TYK

Correct answer:

Steroid hormones being lipid soluble can easily pass through the plasma membrane (a lipid bilayer). The receptors for lipid soluble hormones exist inside the cell.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/Justification for the correct answer:

Option (a) is given as steroid hormones being lipid soluble can cross the plasma membrane. Animal hormones are mostly amino acid derivatives, steroids, or polypeptides. Steroid hormones belong to the category of lipid-soluble hormones. They have a lipid nature, which makes it easier for them to be transported across the cell membranes and bind to receptors located in the membranes of target cells. Hence, option (a) is correct.

Explanation for the incorrect answer:

Option (b) is given as that amino acid derived and polypeptide hormones are longer lived and have a greater signal amplification. However, it is the steroid hormone, which lasts longer in the circulation as compared to the given hormones in the option. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (c) is given as that complexity of polypeptide hormones is more than steroid hormones and they induce permanent change. Polypeptide or protein hormones are short-acting in nature. Steroid hormones have a longer life period than polypeptide hormones. The complexity does not define the effect of any hormone. The effects of these hormones are not permanent. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (d) is given as that it is the steroid hormones alone can bind to the receptors in the cell surface. Polypeptide hormones are the ones that usually bind to the cell surface. Polypeptide hormones after binding to the cell surface receptors initiate a cascade of secondary reactions. The receptors for steroid hormones can be in the cytoplasm, cell membrane, or intra-nuclear. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that the steroid hormones are known to act by binding to intracellular receptors. These receptors can be inside the nucleus also. The ability to cross the plasma membrane is due to the hydrophobic nature of both steroid hormones and plasma membrane.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 49, Problem 2TYK

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

Hormones are the chemical compounds found in plants and animals with different chemical and structural formulas. In animals, hormones are secreted by either endocrine or exocrine glands. These are present at different locations. Steroid hormones are of two types in animals: sex steroids and corticosteroids. Steroid hormones are long-term hormones: they are in the system for a longer period of time as compared to the other kinds of hormones.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 2TYK

Correct answer:

Steroid hormones being lipid soluble can easily pass through the plasma membrane (a lipid bilayer). The receptors for lipid soluble hormones exist inside the cell.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/Justification for the correct answer:

Option (a) is given as steroid hormones being lipid soluble can cross the plasma membrane. Animal hormones are mostly amino acid derivatives, steroids, or polypeptides. Steroid hormones belong to the category of lipid-soluble hormones. They have a lipid nature, which makes it easier for them to be transported across the cell membranes and bind to receptors located in the membranes of target cells. Hence, option (a) is correct.

Explanation for the incorrect answer:

Option (b) is given as that amino acid derived and polypeptide hormones are longer lived and have a greater signal amplification. However, it is the steroid hormone, which lasts longer in the circulation as compared to the given hormones in the option. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (c) is given as that complexity of polypeptide hormones is more than steroid hormones and they induce permanent change. Polypeptide or protein hormones are short-acting in nature. Steroid hormones have a longer life period than polypeptide hormones. The complexity does not define the effect of any hormone. The effects of these hormones are not permanent. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (d) is given as that it is the steroid hormones alone can bind to the receptors in the cell surface. Polypeptide hormones are the ones that usually bind to the cell surface. Polypeptide hormones after binding to the cell surface receptors initiate a cascade of secondary reactions. The receptors for steroid hormones can be in the cytoplasm, cell membrane, or intra-nuclear. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that the steroid hormones are known to act by binding to intracellular receptors. These receptors can be inside the nucleus also. The ability to cross the plasma membrane is due to the hydrophobic nature of both steroid hormones and plasma membrane.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 49, Problem 2TYK

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

Hormones are the chemical compounds found in plants and animals with different chemical and structural formulas. In animals, hormones are secreted by either endocrine or exocrine glands. These are present at different locations. Steroid hormones are of two types in animals: sex steroids and corticosteroids. Steroid hormones are long-term hormones: they are in the system for a longer period of time as compared to the other kinds of hormones.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 2TYK

Correct answer:

Steroid hormones being lipid soluble can easily pass through the plasma membrane (a lipid bilayer). The receptors for lipid soluble hormones exist inside the cell.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/Justification for the correct answer:

Option (a) is given as steroid hormones being lipid soluble can cross the plasma membrane. Animal hormones are mostly amino acid derivatives, steroids, or polypeptides. Steroid hormones belong to the category of lipid-soluble hormones. They have a lipid nature, which makes it easier for them to be transported across the cell membranes and bind to receptors located in the membranes of target cells. Hence, option (a) is correct.

Explanation for the incorrect answer:

Option (b) is given as that amino acid derived and polypeptide hormones are longer lived and have a greater signal amplification. However, it is the steroid hormone, which lasts longer in the circulation as compared to the given hormones in the option. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (c) is given as that complexity of polypeptide hormones is more than steroid hormones and they induce permanent change. Polypeptide or protein hormones are short-acting in nature. Steroid hormones have a longer life period than polypeptide hormones. The complexity does not define the effect of any hormone. The effects of these hormones are not permanent. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (d) is given as that it is the steroid hormones alone can bind to the receptors in the cell surface. Polypeptide hormones are the ones that usually bind to the cell surface. Polypeptide hormones after binding to the cell surface receptors initiate a cascade of secondary reactions. The receptors for steroid hormones can be in the cytoplasm, cell membrane, or intra-nuclear. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that the steroid hormones are known to act by binding to intracellular receptors. These receptors can be inside the nucleus also. The ability to cross the plasma membrane is due to the hydrophobic nature of both steroid hormones and plasma membrane.

Answer 6

Chapter 49, Problem 2TYK

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

Hormones are the chemical compounds found in plants and animals with different chemical and structural formulas. In animals, hormones are secreted by either endocrine or exocrine glands. These are present at different locations. Steroid hormones are of two types in animals: sex steroids and corticosteroids. Steroid hormones are long-term hormones: they are in the system for a longer period of time as compared to the other kinds of hormones.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 2TYK

Correct answer:

Steroid hormones being lipid soluble can easily pass through the plasma membrane (a lipid bilayer). The receptors for lipid soluble hormones exist inside the cell.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/Justification for the correct answer:

Option (a) is given as steroid hormones being lipid soluble can cross the plasma membrane. Animal hormones are mostly amino acid derivatives, steroids, or polypeptides. Steroid hormones belong to the category of lipid-soluble hormones. They have a lipid nature, which makes it easier for them to be transported across the cell membranes and bind to receptors located in the membranes of target cells. Hence, option (a) is correct.

Explanation for the incorrect answer:

Option (b) is given as that amino acid derived and polypeptide hormones are longer lived and have a greater signal amplification. However, it is the steroid hormone, which lasts longer in the circulation as compared to the given hormones in the option. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (c) is given as that complexity of polypeptide hormones is more than steroid hormones and they induce permanent change. Polypeptide or protein hormones are short-acting in nature. Steroid hormones have a longer life period than polypeptide hormones. The complexity does not define the effect of any hormone. The effects of these hormones are not permanent. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (d) is given as that it is the steroid hormones alone can bind to the receptors in the cell surface. Polypeptide hormones are the ones that usually bind to the cell surface. Polypeptide hormones after binding to the cell surface receptors initiate a cascade of secondary reactions. The receptors for steroid hormones can be in the cytoplasm, cell membrane, or intra-nuclear. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that the steroid hormones are known to act by binding to intracellular receptors. These receptors can be inside the nucleus also. The ability to cross the plasma membrane is due to the hydrophobic nature of both steroid hormones and plasma membrane.

Answer 7

Chapter 49, Problem 2TYK

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

Hormones are the chemical compounds found in plants and animals with different chemical and structural formulas. In animals, hormones are secreted by either endocrine or exocrine glands. These are present at different locations. Steroid hormones are of two types in animals: sex steroids and corticosteroids. Steroid hormones are long-term hormones: they are in the system for a longer period of time as compared to the other kinds of hormones.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 2TYK

Correct answer:

Steroid hormones being lipid soluble can easily pass through the plasma membrane (a lipid bilayer). The receptors for lipid soluble hormones exist inside the cell.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/Justification for the correct answer:

Option (a) is given as steroid hormones being lipid soluble can cross the plasma membrane. Animal hormones are mostly amino acid derivatives, steroids, or polypeptides. Steroid hormones belong to the category of lipid-soluble hormones. They have a lipid nature, which makes it easier for them to be transported across the cell membranes and bind to receptors located in the membranes of target cells. Hence, option (a) is correct.

Explanation for the incorrect answer:

Option (b) is given as that amino acid derived and polypeptide hormones are longer lived and have a greater signal amplification. However, it is the steroid hormone, which lasts longer in the circulation as compared to the given hormones in the option. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (c) is given as that complexity of polypeptide hormones is more than steroid hormones and they induce permanent change. Polypeptide or protein hormones are short-acting in nature. Steroid hormones have a longer life period than polypeptide hormones. The complexity does not define the effect of any hormone. The effects of these hormones are not permanent. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (d) is given as that it is the steroid hormones alone can bind to the receptors in the cell surface. Polypeptide hormones are the ones that usually bind to the cell surface. Polypeptide hormones after binding to the cell surface receptors initiate a cascade of secondary reactions. The receptors for steroid hormones can be in the cytoplasm, cell membrane, or intra-nuclear. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect.

Answer 12

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that the steroid hormones are known to act by binding to intracellular receptors. These receptors can be inside the nucleus also. The ability to cross the plasma membrane is due to the hydrophobic nature of both steroid hormones and plasma membrane.

Answer 13

Ch. 49 - Prob. 2TYK Ch. 49 - Both epinephrine and cortisol are involved in the...Ch. 49 - Prob. 4TYK Ch. 49 - Prob. 3TYK Ch. 49 - Prob. 6TYK Ch. 49 - Compare and contrast the modes of action of...Ch. 49 - Prob. 5TYK Ch. 49 - Prob. 8TYU Ch. 49 - Prob. 9TYU Ch. 49 - Prob. 7TYU

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Answer to Problem 2TYK

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