Biological Science
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321743671
Author: Scott Freeman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 49, Problem 1TYK
Both epinephrine and cortisol are involved in the body’s response to stress. How do the two molecules differ?
Cortisol is an amino acid derivative; epinephrine is a steroid.
Cortisol binds to receptors on the plasma membranes of target cells; epinephrine binds to receptors in the interior of target cells.
Epinephrine mediates the short-term response; cortisol mediates the short- and long-term responses.
Cortisol controls the release of epinephrine from the adrenal glands.
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Which of the choices listed below is the correct order of events for the action of lipid-soluble hormones?
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When we perceive a stressful event or situation, our brain enhances our initial stress response by activating the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Which of the following does NOT occur as part of the HPA pathway?
A) The hypothalamus activates the sympathetic nervous system by stimulating the adrenal medulla to release epinephrine and norepinephrine.
B) The hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH).
C) The pituitary gland releases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
D) The adrenal cortex releases glucocorticoid hormones into the bloodstream.
True or false
Insulin is an example of an amino acid based hormone.
Insulin uses a receptor on the plasma membrane of a target cell.
Insulin uses a receptor INSIDE of a target cell.
Chapter 49 Solutions
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- Please choose the most correct statement only.arrow_forwardDraw a table to differentiate Nervous System from the Endocrine System in terms of the following: 1. Molecules released 2. Site of action 3. Types of target cells 4. Onset of action 5. Duration of actionarrow_forwardmultiple choicearrow_forward
- Why can a single endocrine hormone produce a wider spread of responses in more of the body than a single nerve cell? Group of answer choices Blood can carry all the same hormones throughout the body simultaneously, producing responses all over the body; nerve cells can only target a small number of cells. Nerve cells and blood work together. The endocrine has nothing to do with the nervous system. Endocrine hormones only target a very small number of precise responses. A single hormone can target many different responses, whereas a nerve only targets a single response.arrow_forwardElevated levels of cortisol have been shown to reduce areas of the hippocampus in the brain resulting in short term memory loss in older adults. (source: Sonia J. Lupien et al. Nature Neuroscience 1, 69-73 [1998]) Exposure to long-term stress results in elevated levels of cortisol in adults. Over time, cortisol may have detrimental effects on your health. Determine the effect below that is NOT a result of long-term stress. Select one: O a. Blood pressure is elevated. O b. The body is more prone to infections. c. The breathing rate increases. Od. Blood sugar levels are elevated. Clear my choicearrow_forwardDuring the stress response, glucocorticoids and catecholamines work synergistically (together) to exert what effect? Question 2 options: to promote immune suppression to promote vasoconstriction to promote vigilance and arousal to promote hyperglycemiaarrow_forward
- List the major categories of hormones on the basis of their chemical structure. Describe how hormones interact with tissues to produce a response. Describe three methods of regulating the release of hormones.arrow_forwardWhich statement best describes the relationship between the Endocrine and Nervous Systems? Both systems work with the Urinary System to maintain acid-base balance in the blood Both systems regulate hair growth, temperature regulation, and hydration Both systems modulate the stress response, sleep/wake cycles, and metabolism Both systems work with the Urinary System to activate Vitamin Darrow_forwardThe ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on a) the location of the tissue or organ with respect to the circulatory path O b) the membrane potential of the cells of the target organ c) the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organarrow_forward
- Elevated levels of cortisol have been shown to reduce areas of the hippocampus in the brain resulting in short term memory loss in older adults.(source: Sonia J. Lupien et al. Nature Neuroscience 1, 69–73 [1998])Exposure to long-term stress results in elevated levels of cortisol in adults. Over time, cortisol may have detrimental effects on your health.Determine the effect below that is NOT a result of long-term stress.arrow_forwardFor each of the following statements, indicate whether it applies more to the endocrine system or the nervous system: rapid; discrete responses; controls growth and development; long-lasting responses.arrow_forwardDescribe how the nervous system and the endocrine system work together in the fight-flight response. Be specific with what parts of the nervous system are at play, the signal pathway, what is released/secreted and what response they create.arrow_forward
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