Biology
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259188121
Author: Peter Stiling, Robert Brooker, Linda Graham, Eric Widmaier
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 48, Problem 5TY
The countercurrent exchange mechanism in fish gills
- a. maximizes oxygen diffusion into the bloodstream.
- b. is a less efficient mechanism for gas exchange than that used in mammalian lungs.
- c. occurs because the flow of blood is in the same direction as water flowing across the gills.
- d. facilitates diffusion of carbon dioxide into the blood of the fish.
- e. facilitates diffusion of oxygen to the environment.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following is a true statement?
A. The concentration of oxygen in water is greater than that in air.
B. In animals with gills, ventilation helps to reduce the thickness of the
boundary layer.
C. Countercurrent flow at the gas-exchange surface results in the
diffusion gradient across surface.
D. Mammalian lungs requires the diaphragm because the lungs are
relatively stiff and filled with parabronchi.
According to the Fick equation, the fish gill is an effective gas exchange surface because...
A. It has a high blood-to-water diffusion distance
B. The total surface area of the lamellae is very large
C. The scaphognathite maintains a constant flow of water across the gill
D. The gill tissue is supported by the surrounding water
E. All of the above
The countercurrent exchange system for gills relies on diffusion to diffuse
oxygen into the blood. This system works because the blood in the gills.
a. increasing
encounters [Select] b. decreasing
water as the blood moves from [Select]
a. arteries
[Select] b. capillaries
c. Veins
✰ concentrations of oxygen in the
a.arteries
b. capillaries to
C. veins
through the capillaries. This also ensures that
a. less
blood always has [Select] b. more
c. the same amount of
oxygen than the water for
continued diffusion.
Chapter 48 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 48.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 48.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 48.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 48.2 - Prob. 1BCCh. 48.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 48.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 48.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 48.3 - Prob. 1EQCh. 48.3 - Prob. 2EQCh. 48.3 - Prob. 3EQ
Ch. 48.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 48.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 48.5 - Prob. 1BCCh. 48.7 - Can you think of an analogy to bronchodilation and...Ch. 48 - Prob. 1TYCh. 48 - Prob. 2TYCh. 48 - The process of bringing oxygenated water or air...Ch. 48 - Prob. 4TYCh. 48 - The countercurrent exchange mechanism in fish...Ch. 48 - The tracheal system of insects a. consists of...Ch. 48 - Prob. 7TYCh. 48 - Prob. 8TYCh. 48 - Prob. 9TYCh. 48 - Prob. 10TYCh. 48 - Prob. 1CQCh. 48 - Prob. 2CQCh. 48 - Prob. 3CQCh. 48 - Prob. 1COQCh. 48 - List the components of the mammalian respiratory...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
How does the removal of hydrogen atoms from nutrient molecules result in a loss of energy from the nutrient mol...
SEELEY'S ANATOMY+PHYSIOLOGY
Give the IUPAC name for each compound.
Organic Chemistry
Why do scientists think that all forms of life on earth have a common origin?
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
4.1 Write the symbols for the following elements.
a. copper
b. platinum
c. calcium
d. manganese
e. Iron
...
Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (13th Edition)
Gregor Mendel never saw a gene, yet he concluded that some inherited factors were responsible for the patterns ...
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- O2 bound to hemoglobin: a. acts the same as physically dissolved oxygen b. Comes off the hemoglobin (dissociates) more easily as you increase the oxygen partial pressure c. exerts a partial pressure d. Comes off the hemoglobin (dissociates) more easily as you increase the acidity (decrease the pH) e. all the options are correct 2. Air convection in mammals is driven by a smaller pressure gradient than blood convection because: a. Bronchioles have a greater resistance to flow than arterioles b. bronchioles tend to have a smaller radius than arterioles and capillaries c. air is easier to move with pressure gradients than blood d. air generally travels farther in your body than does blood e. air is heavier than blood 3. The rate of diffusion of gases is NOT determined by which of the following? a. The area of the surface across which diffusion is occurring b. The mechanical energy…arrow_forwardRespiratory organs of invertebrates and vertebrates are similar in that a. they use negative pressure breathing. b. they take advantage of countercurrent flow systems. c. they increase the surface area available for diffusion. d. the air flows through the organ in one direction.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a feature of a gas-exchange organ in animals? A. low surface area for gas exchange B. moist C. thin, delicate structure D. extensive blood flowarrow_forward
- Marine mammals are able to hold their breath for extended periods underwater because a. unlike humans, they don’t hypoventilate. b. partial pressure of carbon dioxide does not increase underwater. c. myoglobin in muscle tissue provides an oxygen reserve. d. the brains of marine mammals do not have receptors that respond to impulses initiated in the aortic and carotid bodies.arrow_forwardChoose the three option A, B, Carrow_forwardWhich of these is a true statement?a. In lung capillaries, carbon dioxide combines with water toproduce carbonic acid.b. In tissue capillaries, carbonic acid breaks down to carbondioxide and water.c. In lung capillaries, carbonic acid breaks down to carbondioxide and water.d. In tissue capillaries, carbonic acid combines with hydrogenions to form the carbonate ion.e. All of these statements are true.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements regarding marine osmoregulators is (are) true? A. Most marine invertebrates are osmoregulators. B. Marine osmoregulators tend to lose water to the environment by diffusion. C. Marine osmoregulators are isoosmotic with the external environment. D. Marine osmoregulators bring salt into the body via active transport processes in the gills and skin. E. All of the above above answer choices correctly answer the question.arrow_forwardYou receive animal care and use committee approval to catch a fish, prop open its operculum (gill cover), tie a string around its tail, and tow it backwards through the water for experimental purposes. The fish is then released unharmed. This action forces water to flow backwards over the gill filaments and in between the gill lamellae. What effect would this backwards water flow have on respiration? It would reduce efficiency of gas exchange between water and blood The only effect would be due to the fish's discomfort from this treatment. O It would improve efficiency of gas exchange between water and bloodarrow_forwardCan you answer all the parts to this question regarding fish A: Describe countercurrent exchange in your own words. B: Describe concurrent exchange in your own words. C: Mammals have dead end sacs called “alveoli” and don’t have the super efficient countercurrent exchange system seen in fish. Why do you think countercurrent exchange is necessary for fish? (hint: think about the difference between where most mammals and fish live).arrow_forward
- Which of the following is true of the circulatory system of a grasshopper? A. One or more muscular chamber hearts drive blood through the closed circulatory system of the grasshopper. B. The grasshopper has an open circulatory system with a heart that is a peristaltic vessel. C. Because the grasshopper has an open circulatory system, the maximum hemolymph pressures that can be achieved are relatively low, which limits the maximum metabolic rate that can be achieved. D. The grasshopper does not have a specialized circulatory system - instead, its circulatory system consists of the fluid in the body cavity which is circulated by means of the body movements of the animal. E. Both B and C are true of the circulatory system of the grasshopper.arrow_forwardInteractions between the cardiovascular and respiratory system provide oxygen to the body.a. Describe the path of blood through the heart, including arteries and veins. Start at the blood entering the heart from the body. Indicate when blood is oxygenated and deoxygenated.b. Oxygen is transported by hemoglobin. Describe how pH affects the deposition of oxygen in tissues c. What are two sources of oxygen stores in the body to allow for rapid use when undergoing physical exertion? d. Which chamber of the heart is the most muscular, and why?arrow_forwardDefine the term “exchange surface” and list four common features of gas-exchange organs in animals.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Photosynthesis & Respiration | Reactions | Chemistry | FuseSchool; Author: FuseSchool - Global Education;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3XIyweZg6Sw;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY