Biology
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259188121
Author: Peter Stiling, Robert Brooker, Linda Graham, Eric Widmaier
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 48, Problem 9TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Body is composed of various types of the organ system. The organ system that transports blood along with important gases and nutrients from one part of the body to another is called the circulatory system. Humans contain the most complex circulatory system. The receptors that have the ability to detect particular chemical compounds in a system are termed as chemoreceptors.
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Which of the following are true?
A. Peripheral Chemo receptors for O2 in H+ ions are found in the carotid and aortic bodies.
B. Peripheral chemoreceptors for O2 and H+ ions are found only in the carotid body.
C. Peripheral chemoreceptors for O2 and H+ ions are found only in the aortic body.
D. O2 and CO2 are monitored in the medulla
Choose the correct answer
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
Select one:
a. Reduction of atmospheric air pressure increases alveolar PO2.
b. Reduction of plasma protein in blood increases alveolar PO2.
c. Increase in ventilation increases alveolar PO2.
d. Increase in metabolism increases alveolar PO2.
e. Increase in the amount of hemoglobin increases arterial PO2
After a person hyperventilates (such as by holding their breath), what can be detected on a molecular level?
a. decrease in oxygen is detected by both central and peripheral chemoreceptors
b. increase in oxygen is detected by both central and peripheral chemoreceptors
c. increase in carbon dioxide is detected by both central and peripheral chemoreceptors
d. decrease in carbon dioxide is detected by both central and peripheral chemoreceptors
Chapter 48 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 48.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 48.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 48.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 48.2 - Prob. 1BCCh. 48.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 48.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 48.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 48.3 - Prob. 1EQCh. 48.3 - Prob. 2EQCh. 48.3 - Prob. 3EQ
Ch. 48.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 48.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 48.5 - Prob. 1BCCh. 48.7 - Can you think of an analogy to bronchodilation and...Ch. 48 - Prob. 1TYCh. 48 - Prob. 2TYCh. 48 - The process of bringing oxygenated water or air...Ch. 48 - Prob. 4TYCh. 48 - The countercurrent exchange mechanism in fish...Ch. 48 - The tracheal system of insects a. consists of...Ch. 48 - Prob. 7TYCh. 48 - Prob. 8TYCh. 48 - Prob. 9TYCh. 48 - Prob. 10TYCh. 48 - Prob. 1CQCh. 48 - Prob. 2CQCh. 48 - Prob. 3CQCh. 48 - Prob. 1COQCh. 48 - List the components of the mammalian respiratory...
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- The respiratory system_______. a. provides body tissues with oxygen b. provides body tissues with oxygen and carbon dioxide c. establishes how many breaths are taken per minute d. provides the body with carbon dioxidearrow_forwardWhich of the following is true?a. Peripheral chemoreceptors increase firing with low arterial PO2 but are not sensitive to an increase in arterial PCO2.b. The primary stimulus to the central chemoreceptors is low arterial PO2.c. Peripheral chemoreceptors increase firing during a metabolic alkalosis.d. The increase in ventilation during exercise is due to a decrease in arterial PO2.e. Peripheral and central chemoreceptors both increase firing when arterial PCO2 increases.arrow_forwardWhich of the following will cause the largest increase in systemic arterial oxygen saturation in the blood?a. an increase in red cell concentration (hematocrit) of 20%b. breathing 100% O2 in a healthy subject at sea levelc. an increase in arterial PO2 from 40 to 60 mmHgd. hyperventilation in a healthy subject at sea levele. breathing a gas with 5% CO2, 21% O2, and 74% N2 at sea levelarrow_forward
- Which of the following is NOT a determinant of gas exchange as described by Fick's Law? a. Steepness of the concentration gradient b. Number of ion channels in alveolar membrane c. Thickness of the alveolar membrane d. Permeability of the alveolar membrane to gases e. Surface area of the alveolar membranearrow_forwardIf the blood lacked red blood cells but the lungs were functioning normally, A. The arterial PO2 would be normal. B. The oxygen content of arterial blood would be normal. C. Both A and B would apply. D. Neither A nor B would apply Which of the following would be most affected by a decrease in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen? A. Arterial PO2 B. Arterial percent oxyhemoglobin saturation C. Venous oxyhemoglobin saturation D. Arterial PCO2arrow_forwardThe information provided suggests that: A. hemoglobin has more affinity to oxygen than to carbon monoxide. B. hemoglobin has more affinity to carbon dioxide than to carbon monoxide. C .carbon monoxide likely shifts the O2-Hb dissociation curve to the right. D. None of the abovearrow_forward
- WHich of the following finding at the apex best explains why ventilation-perfusion ratios are higher at the apex than base of a normal upright lungs? a. Alveolar Po2 is higher b. Alveoli contains more elastin and less collagen c. Alveoli have less surfacant d. Change in pleural pressure with each breathe is higher e. Perfusion is lowerarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true for Bohr effect: a. Bohr effect describes carbon monoxide poisoning. b. Bohr effect prevents oxygen binding to hemoglobin. c. Bohr effect allows effective oxygen discharge in tissues due to higher acidity (decreased pH) than in lungs. d. Bohr effect allows effective oxygen discharge in tissues due to lower acidity (increased pH) than in lungs.arrow_forwardO2 bound to hemoglobin: a. acts the same as physically dissolved oxygen b. Comes off the hemoglobin (dissociates) more easily as you increase the oxygen partial pressure c. exerts a partial pressure d. Comes off the hemoglobin (dissociates) more easily as you increase the acidity (decrease the pH) e. all the options are correct 2. Air convection in mammals is driven by a smaller pressure gradient than blood convection because: a. Bronchioles have a greater resistance to flow than arterioles b. bronchioles tend to have a smaller radius than arterioles and capillaries c. air is easier to move with pressure gradients than blood d. air generally travels farther in your body than does blood e. air is heavier than blood 3. The rate of diffusion of gases is NOT determined by which of the following? a. The area of the surface across which diffusion is occurring b. The mechanical energy…arrow_forward
- Upon acute high-altitude exposure (e.g., greater than 8,000 feat above sea level), which of the following factors contribute to the rapid onset of fatigue and "difficulty breathing" that is often observed? (Keep in mind, this question is NOT asking about chronic adaptations to living at altitude). a. The Bohr shift b. A reduced partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli c. A reduction in the oxygen saturation in the arterial blood d. All of the above are contributing factors e. Only B and C are truearrow_forwardA respiratory chemoreceptor is a sensory receptor that transduces achemical signal into an action potential. Which of the following is FALSEabout the respiratory chemoreceptors? Explain the answer. a. The central chemoreceptor is located at the primary respiratory control in the brain.b. The peripheral chemoreceptors are at the lower airways of the respiratory zone.c. Central chemoreceptors are sensitive to increased carbon dioxide.d. Peripheral chemoreceptors are sensitive to decreased oxygen levels.arrow_forwardMatch the Law/Effect with its definition/description A. Boyle’s Law B. Henry’s Law C. Dalton’s Law D. Haldane Effect E. Bohr Effect 1. The pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume 2. A lower, more acidic pH promotes oxygen dissociation from hemoglobin 3. Hemoglobin saturated with oxygen has a low affinity for carbon dioxide 4. The concentration of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the solubility and partial pressure of that gas 5. The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixturearrow_forward
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