Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 4.6, Problem 2MQ
Summary Introduction
In transcription, the RNA is synthesized from the segment of the DNA molecule. RNA polymerase enzyme catalysts the process of transcription. During transcription, the RNA polymerase and other components bind to the promoter region to initiate gene transcription.
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 4.1 - What is a genome and what is it composed of? What...Ch. 4.1 - Define the terms complementary and antiparallel as...Ch. 4.1 - Why is supercoiling essential to a bacterial cell?...Ch. 4.1 - Describe the central dogma of molecular biology....Ch. 4.2 - Approximately how large is the Escherichia coli...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.2 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.2 - Prob. 1CRCh. 4.3 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.3 - To which end (5 or 3) of a newly synthesized...
Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.3 - What are the functions of DNA Pol I and III and...Ch. 4.3 - What is meant by the term semiconservative...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.4 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.4 - Prob. 1CRCh. 4.5 - What enzyme catalyzes transcription? What is a...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 4MQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 1CRCh. 4.6 - What three major components make up an archaeal...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.6 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.6 - How does the archaeal RNA polymerase differ from...Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.7 - Differentiate between the different classes of...Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.7 - Describe the two types of secondary structure a...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.8 - What is the function of the acceptor stem of a...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.8 - Prob. 1CRCh. 4.9 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.9 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.9 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.9 - Why is the genetic code a degenerate code? What is...Ch. 4.10 - What are the components of a ribosome? What...Ch. 4.10 - How is a completed polypeptide chain released from...Ch. 4.10 - How does tmRNA free stalled ribosomes?Ch. 4.10 - Where on the ribosome do tRNAs bind, and what is...Ch. 4.11 - What are molecular chaperones and why are they...Ch. 4.11 - What macromolecules are protected by heat shock...Ch. 4.11 - How do chaperones assist the Escherichia coli cell...Ch. 4.11 - What proteins are involved in refolding misfolded...Ch. 4.12 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.12 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.12 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.12 - Prob. 1CRCh. 4.13 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.13 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.13 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.13 - Prob. 1CRCh. 4 - The genome of the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae...Ch. 4 - Compare and contrast the activity of DNA and RNA...Ch. 4 - What would be the result (in terms of protein...
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- List the aspects of translation in archaea that are similar to translation in bacteria. Create a similar list that compares archaeal translation to that seen in eukaryotes. What generalizations can be made from these comparisons?arrow_forwardWhat types of environments are inhabited by archaea? Why are methanogens important?arrow_forwardWhy did Carl Woese propose the domain Archaea? The domain Bacteria already had too many organisms in its classification. The methanogens were discovered to be a complex organism, between prokaryotic bacteria and eukaryotes, thus it needed its own domain. He discovered that methanogens were too large to be classified as bacteria, but too small to be classified as Eukarya. In analyzing the rRNA of methanogens, he discovered that it was completely distinct from any other bacterial RRNA that had been studied. The DNA of methanogens was discovered to use different nucleotides than those of organisms in Eukarya or Bacteria.arrow_forward
- What is the 16S rRNA sequence of actinobacteriaarrow_forwardWhy are prokaryotes so abundant and have such high diversity?arrow_forward24. The earliest RNA probably functioned in A) catalysis. B) self-replication. C) neither catalysis nor self-replication D) both catalysis and self-replication. 25. LUCA refers to A) the ancestral cell before the divergence into Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes B) the ancestral cell before the divergence into Archaea and Prokaryotes C) the ancestral cell before the divergence into Archaea and Bacteria D) the ancestral cell before the divergence into Eukaryotes and Bacteria 26. Endosymbiosis between bacterial and archaea A) Allowed the evolution of eukaryotic cells with organelles B) Allowed for the accumulation of ozone in the early atmosphere C) Occurred after multicellularity evolved D) Occurred after 3.8 but before 2.5 bya 27. In the sub-surface hypothesis the origination of cellular life on earth occurred in stages. Which of the following represents conditions likely in the first (oldest) stage: A) Energetic reactions coupled to molecular replication in mineral compartments B) Nutrients…arrow_forward
- What is the distinguishing feature that identifies prokaryotic from eukaryotic cells? please do not copy from googlearrow_forwardExplain the processes shown in the image below and explain why it is only possible in prokaryotic cells. 5' end RNA 3 polyribosome cotranslation 2 protein ribosome RNA polyrnerase DNAarrow_forwardCompare the sizes and coding capacity of prokaryoticgenomes with those of eukaryotes. What other featuresdistinguish them?arrow_forward
- Why are conjugation and sporulation not considered as forms of reproduction in prokaryotic cells, and what are the main purposes of these processes?arrow_forwardWhat are the mechanisms by which prokaryotes exchange genetic material via horizontal gene transfer? Describe the three processes.arrow_forwardHow did they know that Epulopiscium fishelsoni and Thiomargarita namibiensis were Prokaryote , and NOT eukaryotes???arrow_forward
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