Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4.1, Problem 2MQ
- Define the terms complementary and antiparallel as they pertain to DNA.
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Describe what is meant by the antiparallel arrangement of DNA.
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Identify the key structural features of a DNA molecule.
Strong ionic bonds and hydrophobic interaction hold DNA together.
DNA bases are always paired purine with pyrimidine.
DNA strands are antiparallel and include a 5' end and a 3' end.
DNA contains the nucleotide bases adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil.
DNA is most often found as a left-handed helix, commonly referred to as Z-DNA.
The backbone of DNA is made of a sugar and a phosphate molecule.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 4.1 - What is a genome and what is it composed of? What...Ch. 4.1 - Define the terms complementary and antiparallel as...Ch. 4.1 - Why is supercoiling essential to a bacterial cell?...Ch. 4.1 - Describe the central dogma of molecular biology....Ch. 4.2 - Approximately how large is the Escherichia coli...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.2 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.2 - Prob. 1CRCh. 4.3 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.3 - To which end (5 or 3) of a newly synthesized...
Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.3 - What are the functions of DNA Pol I and III and...Ch. 4.3 - What is meant by the term semiconservative...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.4 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.4 - Prob. 1CRCh. 4.5 - What enzyme catalyzes transcription? What is a...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 4MQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 1CRCh. 4.6 - What three major components make up an archaeal...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.6 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.6 - How does the archaeal RNA polymerase differ from...Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.7 - Differentiate between the different classes of...Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.7 - Describe the two types of secondary structure a...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.8 - What is the function of the acceptor stem of a...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.8 - Prob. 1CRCh. 4.9 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.9 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.9 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.9 - Why is the genetic code a degenerate code? What is...Ch. 4.10 - What are the components of a ribosome? What...Ch. 4.10 - How is a completed polypeptide chain released from...Ch. 4.10 - How does tmRNA free stalled ribosomes?Ch. 4.10 - Where on the ribosome do tRNAs bind, and what is...Ch. 4.11 - What are molecular chaperones and why are they...Ch. 4.11 - What macromolecules are protected by heat shock...Ch. 4.11 - How do chaperones assist the Escherichia coli cell...Ch. 4.11 - What proteins are involved in refolding misfolded...Ch. 4.12 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.12 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.12 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.12 - Prob. 1CRCh. 4.13 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.13 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.13 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.13 - Prob. 1CRCh. 4 - The genome of the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae...Ch. 4 - Compare and contrast the activity of DNA and RNA...Ch. 4 - What would be the result (in terms of protein...
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- Define the following terms and explain how they are related to each other: DNA nucleotide, DNA strand, and DNA molecule.arrow_forwardDescribe the structure of DNA as repeated units of nucleotides that consist of nitrogenous bases, sugar and phosphate.arrow_forwardWatson and Crick, the pair of researchers who determined the structure of DNA, deduced the pairing of nucleotides in DNA using information learned from Erwin Chargaff. Which of the following is the correct pairing of nucleotides in DNA? a guanine with adenine; cytosine with adenine b adenine with thymine; guanine with cytosine c cytosine with guanine; uracil with adenine d cytosine with adenine; thymine with guaninearrow_forward
- List the DNA bases that will complementary base pair with the following sequence: A-G-C-T-A-C-Garrow_forwardDescribe the differences between unique and highly repetitivesequences in DNA.arrow_forwardAll the following statements about DNA are true, EXCEPT: O DNA is a double-helix, consisting of a sugar-phosphate backbone. O DNA is made up on nucleotides, which consist of one sugar, one phosphate, and one base. O DNA consists of 4 bases - adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine. The two main functions of DNA are to replicate itself and to create proteins (by providing the template for protein synthesis). O The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose.arrow_forward
- Identify what is false about the following statement: Nonhomologous end joining is a mechanism that ensures that DNA double-strand breaks are repaired with a high degree of fidelity to the original DNA sequencearrow_forwardDraw a stylized diagram of double-stranded DNA. Use a pentagon for sugar, a circle for phosphate and a square for bases. Label each base A, T, C or G. Show two pairs of nucleotides connected via hydrogen bonds (use all 4 letters). Show the polarity of each strand and clearly indicate the number of hydrogen bonds in each pair of nucleotides. Draw a solid-line circle around a nucleotide. Draw a dashed-line circle around a nucleoside. Indicate a phosphodiester bond using an arrow.arrow_forwardOutline the structural features of DNA at five levels of complexity.arrow_forward
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