Concept explainers
Fracking The journal Energy Policy (2014, 65: 57–67) presents a survey of opinions about fracking. Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is the process of drilling through rock and injecting a pressurized mixture of sand, water, and chemicals that fractures the rock and releases oil and gas. There has been much debate in the media about its impact on the environment, on land owners, and on the economy. The survey involved contacting a nationally representative sample of 1960 adults in 2012. Of the 1960 people contacted, 1061 adults responded to the survey. The study reported that those more familiar with fracking, women, and those holding egalitarian worldviews were more likely to oppose fracking.
- a. Describe the population of interest for this study.
- b. Explain why a census is not practical for this study. What advantages does sampling offer?
- c. Explain how nonresponse bias might be an issue in this study.
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Statistics: The Art and Science of Learning from Data (4th Edition)
- Cholesterol Cholesterol in human blood is necessary, but too much can lead to health problems. There are three main types of cholesterol: HDL (high-density lipoproteins), LDL (low-density lipoproteins), and VLDL (very low-density lipoproteins). HDL is considered “good” cholesterol; LDL and VLDL are considered “bad” cholesterol. A standard fasting cholesterol blood test measures total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. These numbers are used to estimate LDL and VLDL, which are difficult to measure directly. Your doctor recommends that your combined LDL/VLDL cholesterol level be less than 130 milligrams per deciliter, your HDL cholesterol level be at least 60 milligrams per deciliter, and your total cholesterol level be no more than 200 milligrams per deciliter. (a) Write a system of linear inequalities for the recommended cholesterol levels. Let x represent the HDL cholesterol level, and let y represent the combined LDL VLDL cholesterol level. (b) Graph the system of inequalities from part (a). Label any vertices of the solution region. (c) Is the following set of cholesterol levels within the recommendations? Explain. LDL/VLDL: 120 milligrams per deciliter HDL: 90 milligrams per deciliter Total: 210 milligrams per deciliter (d) Give an example of cholesterol levels in which the LDL/VLDL cholesterol level is too high but the HDL cholesterol level is acceptable. (e) Another recommendation is that the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol be less than 4 (that is, less than 4 to 1). Identify a point in the solution region from part (b) that meets this recommendation, and explain why it meets the recommendation.arrow_forward“The rapid growth of video game popularity has generated concern among practitioners, parents, scholars, and politicians,” wrote researchers Hope M. Cummings and Elizabeth A. Vandewater. In their study, Cummings and Vandewater measured the time adolescents spent playing video games as well as time spent doing other activities, such as interacting with family and friends, reading or doing homework, or playing sports. [Source: Cummings, H., & Vandewater, E. (2007). Relation of adolescent video game play to time spent in other activities. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 161(7), 684–689.] After reading about the study conducted by Cummings and Vandewater, you decide to conduct a similar study among a sample of 10 teenage girls. You ask the girls to keep a log of their activities for a day. You want to test whether the amount of time girls spend playing video games is correlated with the amount of time they read for pleasure. You realize that because some of the…arrow_forwardSleep apnea is a condition in which the sufferers stop breathing momentarily while they are asleep. This condition results in lack of sleep and extreme fatigue during waking hours. A current estimate is that 12.8million out of the 312.7 million Americans suffer from sleep apnea, or approximately 4.1%. A safety commission is concerned about the percentage of commercial truck drivers who suffer from sleep apnea. They do not have any reason to believe that it would be higher or lower than the population’s percentage. To test the claim that the percentage of commercial truck drivers who suffer from sleep apnea is not 4.1%, a simple random sample of 392 commercial truck drivers is examined by a medical expert, who concludes that 24 suffer from sleep apnea. Does this evidence support the claim that the percentage of commercial truck drivers who suffer from sleep apnea is not 4.1%? Use a 0.02 level of significance. Step 1 of 3 : State the null and alternative hypotheses for the test.…arrow_forward
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